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Absolute ethanol is used as a solvent for laboratory and industrial applications, where water will react with other chemicals, and as fuel alcohol. Spectroscopic ethanol is an absolute ethanol with a low absorbance in ultraviolet and visible light, fit for use as a solvent in ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy . [ 126 ]
In March 2007, "ethanol diplomacy" was the focus of President George W. Bush's Latin American tour, in which he and Brazil's president, Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, promoted the production and use of sugarcane ethanol throughout the Caribbean Basin. The two countries agreed to share technology and set international biofuel standards. [99]
Anhydrous ethanol can be blended with gasoline (petrol) for use in gasoline engines, but with high ethanol content only after engine modifications to meter increased fuel volume since pure ethanol contains only 2/3 the energy of an equivalent volume of pure gasoline. High percentage ethanol mixtures are used in some racing engine applications ...
A specially denatured alcohol is a combination of ethanol and another chemical substance, e.g., ethyl acetate in SDA 29, 35, and 35A, added to render the mixture unsuitable for drinking. [12] SDAs are often used in cosmetic products, and can also be used in chemical manufacturing, pharmaceuticals, and solvents. [13]
Overall, 94% of ethanol in the United States is produced from corn. [5] Currently, corn ethanol is mainly used in blends with gasoline to create mixtures such as E10, E15, and E85. Ethanol is mixed into more than 98% of United States gasoline to reduce air pollution. [5] Corn ethanol is used as an oxygenate when mixed with gasoline.
Summary of the main ethanol blends used around the world in 2013. Several common ethanol fuel mixtures are in use around the world. The use of pure hydrous or anhydrous ethanol in internal combustion engines (ICEs) is only possible if the engines are designed or modified for that purpose, and used only in automobiles, light-duty trucks and motorcycles.
The ethanol-powered "flex" vehicles, as they are popularly known, are manufactured to tolerate hydrated ethanol , an azeotrope composed of 95.6% ethanol and 4.4% water. [ 21 ] The Honda CG 150 Titan Mix was launched in the Brazilian market in 2009 and became the first mass production flex-fuel motorcycle sold in the world.
A dish of ethanol aflame. Various alcohols are used as fuel for internal combustion engines.The first four aliphatic alcohols (methanol, ethanol, propanol, and butanol) are of interest as fuels because they can be synthesized chemically or biologically, and they have characteristics which allow them to be used in internal combustion engines.
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