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A rhamphoid cusp (from Greek 'beak-like') denoted originally a cusp such that both branches are on the same side of the tangent, such as for the curve of equation = As such a singularity is in the same differential class as the cusp of equation x 2 − y 5 = 0 , {\displaystyle x^{2}-y^{5}=0,} which is a singularity of type A 4 , the term has ...
The slope field can be defined for the following type of differential equations y ′ = f ( x , y ) , {\displaystyle y'=f(x,y),} which can be interpreted geometrically as giving the slope of the tangent to the graph of the differential equation's solution ( integral curve ) at each point ( x , y ) as a function of the point coordinates.
Using derivatives, the equation of the tangent line can be stated as follows: = + ′ (). Calculus provides rules for computing the derivatives of functions that are given by formulas, such as the power function, trigonometric functions, exponential function, logarithm, and their various combinations. Thus, equations of the tangents to graphs ...
For a smooth curve given by parametric equations, a point is an inflection point if its signed curvature changes from plus to minus or from minus to plus, i.e., changes sign. For a smooth curve which is a graph of a twice differentiable function, an inflection point is a point on the graph at which the second derivative has an isolated zero and ...
The formulas given above for T, N, and B depend on the curve being given in terms of the arclength parameter. This is a natural assumption in Euclidean geometry, because the arclength is a Euclidean invariant of the curve. In the terminology of physics, the arclength parametrization is a natural choice of gauge. However, it may be awkward to ...
Let Xx + Yy + Zz = 0 be the equation of a line, with (X, Y, Z) being designated its line coordinates in a dual projective plane. The condition that the line is tangent to the curve can be expressed in the form F(X, Y, Z) = 0 which is the tangential equation of the curve. At a point (p, q, r) on the curve, the tangent is given by
If the curve passes through the origin then determine the tangent lines there. For algebraic curves, this can be done by removing all but the terms of lowest order from the equation and solving. Similarly, removing all but the terms of highest order from the equation and solving gives the points where the curve meets the line at infinity.
Low-order polynomials tend to be smooth and high order polynomial curves tend to be "lumpy". To define this more precisely, the maximum number of inflection points possible in a polynomial curve is n-2, where n is the order of the polynomial equation. An inflection point is a location on the curve where it switches from a positive radius to ...