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Deindividuation theory is largely based on the ideas of Gustave Le Bon [27] and argues that in typical crowd situations, factors such as anonymity, group unity, and arousal can weaken personal controls (e.g. guilt, shame, self-evaluating behavior) by distancing people from their personal identities and reducing their concern for social evaluation.
Another aspect of the group as a whole perspective sees the normative forces a group has on its members' emotional behavior such as norms for the amount of feelings' expression and even which emotions it is best to feel. The group's norms control which emotions would (or at least should) be displayed at a specific situation according to the ...
Group-based emotions resulting from perceived injustice, such as anger, are thought to motivate collective action in an attempt to rectify the state of unfair deprivation. [2] The extent to which individuals respond to this deprivation involves several different factors and varies from extremely high to extremely low across different settings. [3]
Keeping emotions inside is viewed as being insincere as well as posing a risk to one's health and well-being. [40] In Japanese culture, however, emotions reflect relationships in addition to internal states. Some research even suggests that emotions that reflect the inner self cannot be separated from emotions that reflect the larger group.
Intergroup relations refers to interactions between individuals in different social groups, and to interactions taking place between the groups themselves collectively.It has long been a subject of research in social psychology, political psychology, and organizational behavior.
Groupthink is sometimes stated to occur (more broadly) within natural groups within the community, for example to explain the lifelong different mindsets of those with differing political views (such as "conservatism" and "liberalism" in the U.S. political context [7] or the purported benefits of team work vs. work conducted in solitude). [8]
The expression collective behavior was first used by Franklin Henry Giddings [1] and employed later by Robert Park and Ernest Burgess, [2] Herbert Blumer, [3] Ralph H. Turner and Lewis Killian, [4] and Neil Smelser [5] to refer to social processes and events which do not reflect existing social structure (laws, conventions, and institutions), but which emerge in a "spontaneous" way.
In the 1970s, research began to show that prejudice tends to be based on favoritism towards one's own groups, rather than negative feelings towards another group. According to Marilyn Brewer, prejudice "may develop not because outgroups are hated, but because positive emotions such as admiration, sympathy, and trust are reserved for the ingroup ...