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Šubrtová, Marcela. "The Anglo-French Rapprochement and the Question of Morocco." West Bohemian Historical Review 2 (2016): 213–241 online; Taylor, A.J.P. The Struggle for Mastery in Europe, 1848–1918 (1954) online free; Williamson, Samuel R. The politics of grand strategy: Britain and France prepare for war, 1904–1914 (1990).
The French Union (French: Union française) was a political entity created by the French Fourth Republic to replace the old French colonial empire system, colloquially known as the "French Empire" (Empire français). It was de jure the end of the "indigenous" status of French subjects in colonial areas. It was dissolved in 1958, after the ...
That would be compounded by the massive French losses of World War I, roughly estimated at 1.4 million French dead including civilians (or nearly 10% of the active adult male population) and four times as many wounded — and World War II, estimated at 593,000 French dead (one-and-a-half times the number of American dead), of which 470,000 were ...
During the Combes administration his influence secured the coherence of the Radical-Socialist coalition known as the Bloc des gauches, [2] which enacted the 1905 French law on the Separation of the Churches and the State. In 1904, he founded the socialist paper L'Humanité. [7]
In turn, prominent French and British journalists, academics, and parliamentarians found the reactionary tsarist regime distasteful. Mistrust persisted even during wartime, with British and French politicians expressing relief when Tsar Nicholas II abdicated and was replaced by the Russian Provisional Government after the February Revolution in
The Seven Years' War was going badly for the French, so the chief minister, Etienne François, duc de Choiseul pursued a dual track policy of attempting to bring Spain into a third pacte de famille or sue Britain and its allies for peace. Charles III was worried about the vulnerability of the overseas portion of his empire, and also worried ...
Although the 1905 French law on the Separation of the Churches and the State initially was a particularly "painful and traumatic event" for the Catholic Church in France, [32] [36] the French government began making serious strides towards reconciliation with the Catholic Church later during the 1920s by both recognizing the social impact of ...
The General Confederation of Labour (French: Confédération Générale du Travail, CGT [a]) is a national trade union center, founded in 1895 in the city of Limoges. It is the first of the five major French confederations of trade unions.