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The external debt of India is the debt the country owes to foreign creditors. The debtors can be the Union government , state governments , corporations or citizens of India. The debt includes money owed to private commercial banks , foreign governments, or international financial institutions such as the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and ...
This is a list of countries by external debt: it is the total public and private debt owed to nonresidents repayable in internationally accepted currencies, goods or services, where the public debt is the money or credit owed by any level of government, from central to local, and the private debt the money or credit owed by private households or private corporations based on the country under ...
By the end of the 1980s, India was in serious economic trouble. External debt of India (1970–2020) One of the main causes of the crisis was the accumulation of foreign debt. In the 1980s, India had borrowed heavily from international lenders, in part to finance infrastructure projects and industrialization.
Latin American debt crisis [23] 1988–89: Latin American debt crisis [23] 2001: Following years of instability, the Argentine economic crisis (1999–2002) came to a head, and a new government announced it could not meet its public debt obligations. [23] 2005–16: Argentine debt restructuring. 2014 [24] [25] 2020 [26] Bolivia: 1927 [2] Brazil ...
[1]: 81 A debt instrument is a financial claim that requires payment of interest and/or principal by the debtor to the creditor in the future. Examples include debt securities (such as bonds and bills), loans, and government employee pension obligations. [1]: 207 Net debt equals gross debt minus financial assets that are debt instruments.
A country's gross external debt (or foreign debt) is the liabilities that are owed to nonresidents by residents. [ 1 ] : 5 The debtors can be governments , corporations or citizens. [ 1 ] : 41–43 External debt may be denominated in domestic or foreign currency.
India's foreign exchange reserves are built through foreign capital inflows instead of a current account surplus like in the case of Russia or China. Additionally, the central bank is forced to raise interest rates in order to arrest some of the capital outflows hence reducing domestic demand and accompanying economic effects.
The DEA (Department of Economic Affairs), Ministry of Finance, Government of India along with Reserve Bank of India, monitors and regulates ECB guidelines and policies. Most of these loans are provided by foreign commercial banks and other institutions. During the 2012, contribution of ECBs was between 20 and 35 percent of the total capital ...