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The predominant cause of nutritional optic neuropathy is thought to be deficiency of B-complex vitamins, particularly thiamine [2] (vitamin B 1), cyanocobalamin (vitamin B 12) and recently copper. [3] Deficiency of pyridoxine (vitamin B 6), niacin (vitamin B 3), riboflavin (vitamin B 2), and/or folic acid also seems to play a role. Those ...
Undernourished patients often have many vitamin and nutrient deficiencies and have low serum protein levels. However, the optic neuropathy associated with pernicious anemia and vitamin B 12 deficiency can even be seen in well-nourished individuals. Gastric bypass surgery may also cause a vitamin B 12 deficiency from poor absorption.
Xerophthalmia (from Ancient Greek xērós (ξηρός) meaning "dry" and ophthalmos (οφθαλμός) meaning "eye") is a medical condition in which the eye fails to produce tears. It may be caused by vitamin A deficiency, [1] which is sometimes used to describe that condition, although there may be other causes.
There are many diseases known to cause ocular or visual changes. Diabetes , for example, is the leading cause of new cases of blindness in those aged 20–74, with ocular manifestations such as diabetic retinopathy and macular edema affecting up to 80% of those who have had the disease for 15 years or more.
Corneal opacity is the 4th main cause of blindness globally (5.1%). [1] Using the World Health Organization's (WHO; Geneva, Switzerland) blindness definition,1 45 million people worldwide are bilaterally blind, of which 6 to 8 million are blind due to corneal disease.
Particularly when associated with dry eyes, blepharospasm may be relieved with warm compresses, eye drops, and eye wipes. [40] [41] A Japanese study showed that warm compresses containing menthol were more effective in increasing tear film. [42] Drugs used to treat blepharospasm are anticholinergics, benzodiazepines, baclofen, and tetrabenazine ...
In developing countries, children afflicted by vitamin A deficiency are at high risk for corneal ulcer and may become blind in both eyes persisting throughout life. In ophthalmology , a corneal ulcer usually refers to having an infection, [ 2 ] while the term corneal abrasion refers more to a scratch injury.
Alcoholism can also cause vitamin deficiencies. Long-term deficiencies can be life-threatening. [20] Riboflavin (Vitamin B 2) deficiency: Deficiency causes painful red tongue with sore throat, chapped and cracked lips, and inflammation at the corners of the mouth (angular cheilitis). Eyes can be itchy, watery, bloodshot and sensitive to light.