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According to this tradition, the first was the ninth avatar of Vishnu, while the second was the historical Buddha. [52] [note 12] Conversely, Vishnu has also been assimilated into Sinhalese Buddhist culture, [55] and Mahayana Buddhism is sometimes called Buddha-Bhagavatism. [56] By this period, the concept of Dashavatara was fully developed. [57]
The Bhagavata Purana (c. 16th century) is centred around Krishna, a Vishnu avatar. Vishnu is the primary focus of the Vaishnavism-focused Puranas genre of Hindu texts. Of these, according to Ludo Rocher, the most important texts are the Bhagavata Purana, Vishnu Purana, Nāradeya Purana, Garuda Purana and Vayu Purana. [92]
The avatar concept was further developed and refined in later Hindu texts. One approach was to identify full avatars and partial avatars. Krishna, Rama, and Narasimha were full avatars (purna avatars), while others were partial avatars (ansha avatars). [29] Some declared, states Noel Sheth, that every living creature is an avatar of Vishnu. [29]
In some sects of Vaishnavism, Sugata Buddha is regarded by various Puranas as the ninth avatar among the Dashavatara of Vishnu, [3] instead of Gautama Buddha. Some Vaishnavite schools argue that Sugata Buddha, the incarnation of Vishnu, was born around 1800 BC [9] in Bodhi-Gaya to Ajana, and was a different person from Gautama Buddha. [10] [11]
[4] [5] To most Vaishnava Hindus, particularly the Krishnaites, Jagannath is a form of Krishna, [6] [7] sometimes as the avatar of Vishnu. [8] [9] To some Shaiva and Shakta Hindus, he is a symmetry-filled tantric form of Bhairava, a fierce manifestation of Shiva associated with annihilation. [10] [11]
[65] [79] [80] The Vishnu Purana, the Bhagavata Purana and the Padma Purana embeds the sacrificial description within a paean to Varaha by the sages of Janaloka after he saves the earth. [81] [82] [83] Roshen Dalal describes the symbolism of his iconography based on the Vishnu Purana as follows: [16] His four feet represent the Vedas ...
Kalki (Sanskrit: कल्कि), also called Kalkin, [1] is the prophesied tenth and final incarnation of the Hindu god Vishnu.According to Vaishnava cosmology, Kalki is destined to appear at the end of the Kali Yuga, the last of the four ages in the cycle of existence (Krita).
[23] [178] Vaishnavas accept many incarnations of Vishnu, but Krishna is particularly important. Their theologies are generally centered either on Vishnu or an avatar such as Krishna as supreme. The terms Krishnaism and Vishnuism have sometimes been used to distinguish the two, the former implying that Krishna is the transcendent Supreme Being.