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According to this tradition, the first was the ninth avatar of Vishnu, while the second was the historical Buddha. [52] [note 12] Conversely, Vishnu has also been assimilated into Sinhalese Buddhist culture, [55] and Mahayana Buddhism is sometimes called Buddha-Bhagavatism. [56] By this period, the concept of Dashavatara was fully developed. [57]
The Bhagavata Purana (c. 16th century) is centred around Krishna, a Vishnu avatar. Vishnu is the primary focus of the Vaishnavism-focused Puranas genre of Hindu texts. Of these, according to Ludo Rocher, the most important texts are the Bhagavata Purana, Vishnu Purana, Nāradeya Purana, Garuda Purana and Vayu Purana. [92]
In some sects of Vaishnavism, Sugata Buddha is regarded by various Puranas as the ninth avatar among the Dashavatara of Vishnu, [3] instead of Gautama Buddha. Some Vaishnavite schools argue that Sugata Buddha, the incarnation of Vishnu, was born around 1800 BC [9] in Bodhi-Gaya to Ajana, and was a different person from Gautama Buddha. [10] [11]
Kalki (Sanskrit: कल्कि), also called Kalkin, [1] is the prophesied tenth and final incarnation of the Hindu god Vishnu.According to Vaishnava cosmology, Kalki is destined to appear at the end of the Kali Yuga, the last of the four ages in the cycle of existence (Krita).
[4] [5] To most Vaishnava Hindus, particularly the Krishnaites, Jagannath is a form of Krishna, [6] [7] sometimes as the avatar of Vishnu. [8] [9] To some Shaiva and Shakta Hindus, he is a symmetry-filled tantric form of Bhairava, a fierce manifestation of Shiva associated with annihilation. [10] [11]
The avatar concept was further developed and refined in later Hindu texts. One approach was to identify full avatars and partial avatars. Krishna, Rama, and Narasimha were full avatars (purna avatars), while others were partial avatars (ansha avatars). [29] Some declared, states Noel Sheth, that every living creature is an avatar of Vishnu. [29]
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In the Vishnudharmottara Purana, Vaikuntha Chaturmurti is described as having eight arms and four faces, human (nara – human or saumya – mild or purusha – man) facing the East (front), lion (Narasimha – the lion-headed avatar of Vishnu) on the South (his right head, left), boar (Varaha – the boar avatar of Vishnu) on the North (his ...