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For such drainage systems to work properly it is crucial that neutral air pressure be maintained within all lines, allowing free gravity flow of water and sewage down drains and through waste pipes. It is critical that a sufficient "pitch" (downward slope) be maintained throughout the drain pipes to keep liquids and entrained solids flowing ...
A full lead service line replacement should be coordinated with the property owner as it may involve obstacles such as trees, driveways, and walls. Sometime, there is a need to break through the customer's basement wall. [35] Although a full lead service line replacement is the preferred method, it is not risk-free.
To install this, the doghouse manhole is lowered to have the two openings to slide over the existing pipe. The concrete is poured in to form the base with slopes from the precast concrete wall down to the half point of the existing pipe. This forms a half bench for the manhole base. The top half of that existing pipe is cut open to form a channel.
Service laterals, where present, can be reconnected from within the newly-formed larger-diameter pipe, by cutting replacement openings using robotically controlled cutting devices, then sealed using specially-designed CIPP materials referred to as 'top-hats'. The resins used are typically polyester for mainline lining and epoxy for lateral lines.
Point drainage, which intercepts water at gullies (points). Gullies connect to drainage pipes beneath the ground surface, so deep excavation is required to facilitate this system. Support for deep trenches is required in the shape of planking, strutting or shoring. Channel drainage, which intercepts water along the entire run of the channel.
The drain is characterized by its long length and narrow width, the cross-section of the drain is a function of the maximum flow volume anticipated from the surrounding surface. Channels can range from 1 inch (2.5 cm) to 2 feet (61 cm) in width, while depths can reach up to 4 feet (120 cm).
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