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The posterior superior alveolar artery (posterior dental artery) is a branch of the maxillary artery. [1] [2] It is one of two or three superior alveolar arteries. It provides arterial supply to the molar and premolar teeth, maxillary sinus and adjacent bone, and the gingiva. [2]
Extension into the maxillary alveolar process may cause the roots of the molars and even premolars to lie just beneath the floor of the sinus or even project through the floor and into the sinus; in such cases, the roots of the teeth are typically surrounded by a thin layer of bone, but may sometimes lie directly underneath the mucous membrane ...
There is a rich blood supply to the nasal cavity. Blood supply comes from branches of both the internal and external carotid artery, including branches of the facial artery and maxillary artery. The named arteries of the nose are: Sphenopalatine artery and greater palatine artery, branches of the maxillary artery.
It provides arterial supply the upper incisor and canine teeth as well as the mucous membrane of the maxillary sinus. [1] References
The sphenopalatine artery is a branch of the maxillary artery which passes through the sphenopalatine foramen into the cavity of the nose, at the back part of the superior meatus. Here it gives off its posterior lateral nasal branches .
It supplies the ala and dorsum of the nose, anastomosing with its fellow, with the septal and alar branches, with the dorsal nasal branch of the ophthalmic artery, and with the infraorbital branch of the internal maxillary. If the posterior lateral nasal artery is superficial in the nasal wall, a laceration may occur during an aggressive curettage.
The middle superior alveolar artery is an inconstant [2] [3] artery supplying the upper jaw. It is one of the three superior alveolar arteries. [3] When present, it arises from the infraorbital artery [2] [3] and descends upon the lateral wall of the maxillary sinus, forming anastomotic arcades with the other two superior alveolar arteries of the same side before ending near the canine tooth. [3]
There is contention as whether this is truly part of Kiesselbach's plexus. Most sources quote that it is not part of the plexus, but rather one of the blood supplies for the nasal septum itself. [2] It runs vertically downwards just behind the columella, and crosses the floor of the nose. It joins the venous plexus on the lateral nasal wall.