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Major periodic trends include atomic radius, ionization energy, electron affinity, electronegativity, nucleophilicity, electrophilicity, valency, nuclear charge, and metallic character. [1] Mendeleev built the foundation of the periodic table. [ 2 ]
From left to right in the periodic table, the nonmetals can be divided into the reactive nonmetals and the noble gases. The reactive nonmetals near the metalloids show some incipient metallic character, such as the metallic appearance of graphite, black phosphorus, selenium and iodine. The noble gases are almost completely inert.
Periodic table of the chemical elements showing the most or more commonly named sets of elements (in periodic tables), and a traditional dividing line between metals and nonmetals. The f-block actually fits between groups 2 and 3 ; it is usually shown at the foot of the table to save horizontal space.
Periodic table extract showing the location of the post-transition metals. Zn, Cd and Hg are sometimes counted as post-transition metals rather than as transition metals. The dashed line is the traditional dividing line between metals and nonmetals. The symbols for the elements commonly recognized as metalloids are in italics. The status of ...
In 1891, Walker published a periodic "tabulation" with a diagonal straight line drawn between the metals and the nonmetals. [14] In 1906, Alexander Smith published a periodic table with a zigzag line separating the nonmetals from the rest of elements, in his highly influential [15] textbook Introduction to General Inorganic Chemistry. [16]
Periodic table extract showing the nonmetallic elements. H is normally placed over Li in Group 1. It is shown here over F for comparative purposes. The asterisks show further alternative positions for H. The elements shown as metalloids are those commonly recognized as such by authors who include such a class.
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The following list includes the metallic elements of the first six periods. It is mostly based on tables provided by NIST. [9] [10] However, not all sources give the same values: there are some differences between the precise values given by NIST and the CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. In the first six periods this does not make a ...