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Straight hydrous ethanol as an automotive fuel has been widely used in Brazil since the late 1970s for neat ethanol vehicles [96] [143] and more recently for flexible-fuel vehicles. [ 144 ] [ 145 ] The ethanol fuel used in Brazil is distilled close to the azeotrope mixture of 95.63% ethanol and 4.37% water (by weight) which is approximately 3.5 ...
The BEST project targets included the introduction of more than 10,000 flex-fuel or ethanol cars and 160 ethanol buses; to promote the opening of 135 E85 and 13 ED95 public fuel stations; and to promote the development and testing of hydrous E15 and anhydrous low ethanol blends with gasoline and diesel.
Over 13 million hybrid electric vehicles as of 2019. [12] 5.7 million neat-ethanol only light-vehicles built in Brazil since 1979, [13] with 2.4 to 3.0 million vehicles still in use by 2003. [14] [15] and 1.22 million units as of December 2011. [16] 70,200 fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs) powered with hydrogen by the end of 2022. [3]
The drawback of using a shared platform is cost inefficiencies. While the up-front cost is likely much higher for dedicated EV and gas-powered platforms, down-the-line efficiencies of scale and ...
Advantages of an Electric Vehicle EVs have a battery that feeds at least one electric motor that sends torque to the wheels. Like the gas tank on an internal-combustion car, the battery pack ...
Extended-range EVs, which can be charged with a gas-powered generator, may offer a solution. EREVs still have environment-friendly advantages over internal combustion engine vehicles.
Methanol and ethanol are incompatible with some polymers. The alcohol reacts with the polymers causing swelling, and over time oxygen breaks down the carbon-carbon bonds in the polymer causing a reduction in tensile strength. For the past few decades though, most cars have been designed to tolerate up to 10% ethanol (E10) without problem.
Over the past few years, ... The average price of an electric vehicle in the US in October was $56,902, ... compared with $48,623 for gas-powered vehicles.