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Paradox illusions (or impossible object illusions) are generated by objects that are paradoxical or impossible, such as the Penrose triangle or impossible staircase seen, for example, in M. C. Escher's Ascending and Descending and Waterfall. The triangle is an illusion dependent on a cognitive misunderstanding that adjacent edges must join.
The Hollow-Face illusion is an optical illusion in which the perception of a concave mask of a face appears as a normal convex face. Hybrid image: A Hybrid image is an optical illusion developed at MIT in which an image can be interpreted in one of two different ways depending on viewing distance. Illusory contours
Examples of tactile illusions include phantom limb, the thermal grill illusion, the cutaneous rabbit illusion and a curious illusion that occurs when the crossed index and middle fingers are run along the bridge of the nose with one finger on each side, resulting in the perception of two separate noses.
The numerous examples of optical illusions, hallucinations and other tricks that the unconscious brain plays on the conscious brain provide ample evidence of the active role of the unconscious mind during data gathering and analysis. Several experiments have been performed to show that the unconscious brain is able to gather data at a much ...
Examples of visually ambiguous patterns. From top to bottom: Necker cube , Schroeder stairs and a figure that can be interpreted as black or white arrows. Multistable perception (or bistable perception ) is a perceptual phenomenon in which an observer experiences an unpredictable sequence of spontaneous subjective changes.
Shepard tables illusion, named for its creator Roger N. Shepard. Shepard tables (also known as the Shepard tabletop illusion) are an optical illusion first published in 1990 as "Turning the Tables," by Stanford psychologist Roger N. Shepard in his book Mind Sights, a collection of illusions that he had created. [1]
Shepard first published this optical paradox in his 1990 book Mind Sights (page 79) giving it the name "L'egs-istential Quandary". [2] It is the first entry in his chapter on "Figure-ground impossibilities". The pen-and-ink drawing is based on a dream Shepard had in 1974, and on the pencil sketch he made when he woke up. [2]
An example of the Ponzo illusion. Both of the horizontal yellow lines are the same length. The Ponzo illusion is a geometrical-optical illusion that takes its name from the Italian psychologist Mario Ponzo (1882–1960). Ponzo never claimed to have discovered it, and it is indeed present in earlier work.