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Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells expressing programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) could interact with programmed death receptor 1 (PD-1) expressed on the surface of T cells, and result in decreased tumor cell kill by the immune system. Atezolizumab is an anti PD-L1 monoclonal antibody.
In normal epithelial tissues, epithelial cells, or parenchymal cells of epithelia, are highly organized, polar cells. [5] These cells are separated from stromal cells by a basement membrane that prevents these cell populations from mixing. [5] A mixture of these cell types is recognized, normally, as a wound, as in the example of a cut to the ...
Examples of epithelial dysplasia include cervical intraepithelial neoplasia – a disorder commonly detected by an abnormal pap smear) consisting of an increased population of immature (basal-like) cells which are restricted to the mucosal surface, and have not invaded through the basement membrane to the deeper soft tissues.
LCC is categorized as a type of NSCLC (non-small-cell lung carcinoma) that originates from epithelial cells of the lung. LCLC is histologically characterized by the presence of large, undifferentiated cells that lack distinctive features of either squamous cell carcinoma or adenocarcinoma (other types of cancers).
Carcinomas are tumors composed of transformed, abnormal cells with epithelial tissue architecture and/or molecular characteristics, and which derive from embryonic endoderm. [5] Eight major taxa of lung carcinomas are recognized within the WHO-2004 classification: [1] Small-cell carcinoma; Squamous cell carcinoma; Adenocarcinoma; Large-cell ...
A squamous intraepithelial lesion (SIL) is an abnormal growth of epithelial cells on the surface of the cervix, commonly called squamous cells. This condition can lead to cervical cancer , but can be diagnosed using a Pap smear or a colposcopy .
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For example, a lipoma is a common benign tumor of fat cells , and a chondroma is a benign tumor of cartilage-forming cells (chondrocytes). Adenomas are benign tumors of gland-forming cells, and are usually specified further by their cell or organ of origin, as in hepatic adenoma (a benign tumor of hepatocytes, or liver cells).