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In veterinary medicine a bolus is a large time-release tablet that stays in the rumen of cattle, goats, and sheep. It can also refer to a dose of liquid injected subcutaneously with a hypodermic needle, such as saline solution administered either to counteract dehydration or especially to mitigate kidney failure, a common ailment in domestic cats.
A loading dose is most useful for drugs that are eliminated from the body relatively slowly, i.e. have a long systemic half-life. Such drugs need only a low maintenance dose in order to keep the amount of the drug in the body at the appropriate therapeutic level , but this also means that, without an initial higher dose, it would take a long ...
In 1927, Sakel, who had recently qualified as a medical doctor in Vienna and was working in a psychiatric clinic in Berlin, began to use low (sub-coma) doses of insulin to treat drug addicts and psychopaths, and when one of the patients experienced improved mental clarity after having slipped into an accidental coma, Sakel reasoned the treatment might work for mentally ill patients. [3]
Bolus insulin is produced during the digestion of meals. Insulin levels rise immediately as we begin to eat, remaining higher than the basal rate for 1 to 4 hours. This meal-associated ( prandial ) insulin production is roughly proportional to the amount of carbohydrate in the meal.
Bolus (medicine), the administration of a drug, medication or other substance in the form of a single, large dose Bolus (radiation therapy) , a tissue equivalent substance used in radiation therapy Bolus tracking , technique used in computed tomography imaging, to visualise vessels more clearly
The extended bolus is also useful for those with slow digestion (such as with gastroparesis or coeliac disease). A combination bolus/multiwave bolus is the combination of a standard bolus spike with an extended bolus square wave. This shape provides a large dose of insulin up front, and then also extends the tail of the insulin action.
A meteorologist from Seattle, Washington, who is nearly eight months pregnant, has a message for viewers who feel the need to comment on her clothing choices.
Model-Informed Precision Dosing (MIPD for short) is the use of pharmacometric models with computer software to optimize drug dosage for an individual patient. [1]Developed in the late 1960s under the impetus of clinical pharmacologists such as Lewis Sheiner and Roger Jelliffe, these approaches involve applying the equations and parameters describing a drug's pharmacokinetics and ...