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Secondary extra-hepatic disorders involve organs excluding the liver. When a tumour develops at the pancreas head or bile duct, the common bile duct is compressed, opposing bile flow, eventually leading to hyperbilirubinemia. [4] Gallbladder carcinoma displays enlarged liver with Courvoisier's sign, a mass in the liver's right-upper quadrant. [27]
When the intrahepatic bile duct wall has protrusions, it is clearly seen as central dots or a linear streak. [10] Caroli disease is commonly diagnosed after this “central dot sign” is detected on a CT scan or ultrasound. [10] However, cholangiography is the best, and final, approach to show the enlarged bile ducts as a result of Caroli disease.
The bile duct [1] [4] (formerly known as the common bile duct [4]) is a part of the biliary tract. [4] It is formed by the union of the common hepatic duct and cystic duct. It ends by uniting with the pancreatic duct to form the hepatopancreatic ampulla. It possesses its sphincter to enable the regulation of bile flow.
The function of the common bile duct is to allow bile to travel from the gallbladder to the small intestine, mixing with pancreatic digestive enzymes along the way. [4] One possible complication of choledocholithiasis is an infection of the bile ducts between the liver and the gallstone lodged in the common bile duct.
Intrahepatic bile ducts compose the outflow system of exocrine bile product from the liver. They can be divided into: [2] Lobar ducts (right and left hepatic ducts) - stratified columnar epithelium. Interlobar ducts (between the main hepatic ducts and the interlobular ducts) - pseudostratified columnar epithelium.
extrahepatic bile duct; ampulla of Vater; cholelithiasis; cholecystitis; others (excluding postcholecystectomy syndrome), but including other obstructions of the gallbladder (like strictures) hydrops, perforation, fistula; cholesterolosis; biliary dyskinesia; K83: other diseases of the biliary tract:
Treatment of hepatomegaly varies with the cause, so accurate diagnosis is the first concern. In auto-immune liver disease, prednisone and azathioprine may be used for treatment. [3] In lymphoma the treatment options include single-agent (or multi-agent) chemotherapy and regional radiotherapy, and surgery is an option in specific situations.
Gallbladder diseases are diseases involving the gallbladder and is closely linked to biliary disease, with the most common cause being gallstones (cholelithiasis). [1] [2]The gallbladder is designed to aid in the digestion of fats by concentrating and storing the bile made in the liver and transferring it through the biliary tract to the digestive system through bile ducts that connect the ...