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Lead shielding refers to the use of lead as a form of radiation protection to shield people or objects from radiation so as to reduce the effective dose. Lead can effectively attenuate certain kinds of radiation because of its high density and high atomic number ; principally, it is effective at stopping gamma rays and x-rays .
The radiation that manages to get through falls exponentially with the thickness of the shield. In x-ray facilities, walls surrounding the room with the x-ray generator may contain lead shielding such as lead sheets, or the plaster may contain barium sulfate.
A lead castle built to shield a radioactive sample in a lab. The bricks are flat-sided Example of chevron lead bricks used to prevent shine paths. A lead castle, also called a lead cave or a lead housing, is a structure composed of lead to provide shielding against gamma radiation in a variety of applications in the nuclear industry and other activities which use ionizing radiation.
Treating radiation poisoning is harder. Lead is a single element, but there's a whole suite of elements with radioactive forms. For radioactive elements, "there's no real common denominator. ...
Common sheet metals for shielding include copper, brass, nickel, silver, steel, and tin. Shielding effectiveness, that is, how well a shield reflects or absorbs/suppresses electromagnetic radiation, is affected by the physical properties of the metal. These may include conductivity, solderability, permeability, thickness, and weight.
Lead's high density, atomic number, and formability form the basis for use of lead as a barrier that absorbs sound, vibration, and radiation. [229] Lead has no natural resonance frequencies; [229] as a result, sheet-lead is used as a sound deadening layer in the walls, floors, and ceilings of sound studios. [230]
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