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Tolvaptan (Jynarque) is indicated for slow kidney-function decline in adults at risk of rapidly progressing autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). [16] Tolvaptan phosphate is a prodrug of tolvaptan, developed for intravenous administration. Tolvaptan phosphate is converted into the active drug tolvaptan in the human body ...
The "vaptan" drugs act by directly blocking the action of vasopressin at its receptors (V 1A, V 1B and V 2).These receptors have a variety of functions, with the V 1A and V 2 receptors are expressed peripherally and involved in the modulation of blood pressure and kidney function respectively, while the V 1A and V 1B receptors are expressed in the central nervous system.
Tolvaptan was studied in DILIsym®, a state of the art, multiscale computational model that uses non-clinical and clinical drug data to predict whether a drug could cause idiosyncratic liver toxicity. [16] DILIsym® replicated accurately the liver toxicity observed with tolvaptan in clinical studies. [17]
Tolvaptan phosphate is a drug used for the treatment of cardiac edema. It is a prodrug of tolvaptan, [1] [2] formulated as the salt tolvaptan sodium phosphate, for intravenous administration. Tolvaptan phosphate is converted into the active drug tolvaptan in the human body following administration.
The complications of diabetes can dramatically impair quality of life and cause long-lasting disability. Overall, complications are far less common and less severe in people with well-controlled blood sugar levels. [3] [4] [5] Some non-modifiable risk factors such as age at diabetes onset, type of diabetes, gender, and genetics may influence risk.
Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a cause of acute and chronic liver disease caused specifically by medications and the most common reason for a drug to be withdrawn from the market after approval. The liver plays a central role in transforming and clearing chemicals and is susceptible to the toxicity from these agents.
Data from the Drug Induced Liver Injury Network show that rates of liver injury from botanical products jumped from seven percent in 2004-2005 to 20 percent in 2013-2014.
Diabetic nephropathy is the most common cause of end-stage renal disease and is a serious complication that affects approximately one quarter of adults with diabetes in the United States. [ 13 ] [ 14 ] Affected individuals with end-stage kidney disease often require hemodialysis and eventually kidney transplantation to replace the failed kidney ...