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  2. Accounting equation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accounting_equation

    Since the balance sheet is founded on the principles of the accounting equation, this equation can also be said to be responsible for estimating the net worth of an entire company. The fundamental components of the accounting equation include the calculation of both company holdings and company debts; thus, it allows owners to gauge the total ...

  3. Debits and credits - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Debits_and_credits

    For example, when a vehicle is purchased using cash, the asset account "Vehicles" is debited and simultaneously the asset account "Bank or Cash" is credited due to the payment for the vehicle using cash. Some balance sheet items have corresponding "contra" accounts, with negative balances, that offset them.

  4. Balance sheet - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balance_sheet

    In financial accounting, a balance sheet (also known as statement of financial position or statement of financial condition) is a summary of the financial balances of an individual or organization, whether it be a sole proprietorship, a business partnership, a corporation, private limited company or other organization such as government or not-for-profit entity.

  5. Balance (accounting) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balance_(accounting)

    The first "balancing" of books, or the balance sheet financial statement in accounting is to check iterations (trial balance) to be sure the equation above applies, and where assets and liabilities are unequal, to equalize them by debiting or crediting owner's equity [2] (i.e. if assets exceed liabilities, equity is increased, if liabilities ...

  6. Additional funds needed - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Additional_Funds_Needed

    If a negative value is found for AFN, that means that the action would generate extra income that could be invested elsewhere. The AFN equation is as follows: AFN = (A*/S 0)ΔS – (L*/S 0)ΔS – MS 1 (RR) [1] Where: A* = Assets tied directly to sales and will increase L* = Spontaneous liabilities that will be affected by sales.

  7. Free cash flow - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_cash_flow

    The business can show a positive net income but have very negative cash flows as the cash gets stuck in the working capital cycle, namely inventory and accounts receivable. According to one version of the discounted cash flow valuation model, the intrinsic value of a company is the present value of all future expected free cash flows.

  8. Double-entry bookkeeping - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double-entry_bookkeeping

    However, as can be seen from the examples of daybooks shown below, it is still necessary to check, within each daybook, that the postings from the daybook balance. The double entry system uses nominal ledger accounts. From these nominal ledger accounts, a trial balance can be created. The trial balance lists all the nominal ledger account balances.

  9. Book value - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book_value

    "Discount on notes payable" is a contra-liability account which decreases the balance sheet valuation of the liability. [9] When a company sells (issues) bonds, this debt is a long-term liability on the company's balance sheet, recorded in the account Bonds Payable based on the contract amount. After the bonds are sold, the book value of Bonds ...