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Aplastic anemia [2] (AA) [3] is a severe hematologic condition in which the body fails to make blood cells in sufficient numbers. Blood cells are produced in the bone marrow by stem cells that reside there. [4] Aplastic anemia causes a deficiency of all blood cell types: red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. [5] [6]
Bone marrow failure in both children and adults can be either inherited or acquired. Inherited bone marrow failure is often the cause in young children, while older children and adults may acquire the disease later in life. [3] Acquired bone marrow failure may be due to aplastic anemia [4] or myelodysplastic syndrome.
Hemoglobin Barts hydrops fetalis is the most severe form of alpha-thalassemia, and individuals with this disease have severe anemia during the fetal stage of development. [15] It has been considered as fatal until advances in treatment were made. Patients that survive hemoglobin Barts hydrops fetalis will become transfusion dependent. [5]
Theodore David DeVita (1962 – May 27, 1980) was an American boy with severe aplastic anemia requiring him to live in a sterile hospital room for the last eight years of his life. Background and condition
Aplastic anemia [35] affects all kinds of blood cells. Fanconi anemia is a hereditary disorder or defect featuring aplastic anemia and various other abnormalities. Anemia of kidney failure [35] due to insufficient production of the hormone erythropoietin; Anemia of endocrine disease [36] Disturbance of proliferation and maturation of erythroblasts
Splenomegaly can make anemia worse, and it can reduce the life of transfused red blood cells. Severe enlargement of the spleen may necessitate its removal. [19] Slowed growth rates: anemia can cause the growth of a child to slow down. Puberty may also be delayed in children with thalassemia. [20] Heart problems: Diseases, such as congestive ...
Low risk MDS (which is associated with favorable genetic variants, decreased myeloblastic cells [less than 5% blasts], less severe anemia, thrombocytopenia, or neutropenia or lower International Prognostic Scoring System scores) is associated with a life expectancy of 3–10 years. Whereas high risk MDS is associated with a life expectancy of ...
Aplastic anemia patients present with symptoms related to a decrease in hematopoietic cell production in the bone marrow. The onset is gradual, and the first symptom is frequently anemia or bleeding, though a high temperature or infections may be present at the onset. The following are examples of specific manifestations: [12]