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D is the vehicle's aerodynamic drag; L is its aerodynamic lift; r is the radial distance to the planet's center; and; g is the gravitational acceleration at altitude. Mass decreases as propellant is consumed and rocket stages, engines or tanks are shed (if applicable).
Low-Earth Orbit Flight Test of an Inflatable Decelerator (LOFTID) was a NASA mission to test inflatable reentry systems. [1] It was the first such test of an inflatable decelerator from Earth-orbital speed. LOFTID was launched on an Atlas V 401 in November 2022 as a secondary payload, along with the JPSS-2 weather satellite. [2]
NASA's first X-43A test on June 2, 2001 failed because the Pegasus booster lost control about 13 seconds after it was released from the B-52 carrier. The rocket experienced a control oscillation as it went transonic, eventually leading to the failure of the rocket's starboard elevon. This caused the rocket to deviate significantly from the ...
Frank Malina (1912–1981) – rocket engineer, JPL administrator; John C. Mankins – NASA space-based solar power researcher; Frank E. Marble (1918–2014) Frederick Marriott (1805–1884) Glenn L. Martin (1886–1955) – founder of the Glenn L. Martin Company; Pierre Mauboussin (1900–1984) – co-designer of the Fouga CM.170 Magister
VTVL rocket concepts were studied by Philip Bono of Douglas Aircraft Co. in the 1960s. [4] Apollo Lunar Module was a 1960s two-stage VTVL vehicle for landing and taking off from the Moon. Australia's Defence Science and Technology Group successfully launched the Hoveroc rocket on 2 May 1981 in a test at Port Wakefield, South Australia. [5]
The commercial ventures, Rocketplane Kistler and Rotary Rocket, attempted to build reusable privately developed rockets before going bankrupt. [ citation needed ] NASA proposed reusable concepts to replace the Shuttle technology, to be demonstrated under the X-33 and X-34 programs, which were both cancelled in the early 2000s due to rising ...
A roll program or tilt maneuver is an aerodynamic maneuver that alters the attitude of a vertically launched space launch vehicle. It consists of a partial rotation around the vehicle's vertical axis, allowing the vehicle to then pitch to follow the proper azimuth toward orbit. [1] A roll program is usually completed after the vehicle clears ...
NASA and Lockheed Martin were partners in the X-33 program through a cooperative agreement. [ 2 ] The goal of the X-33 program, and a major goal for NASA's Office of Aero-Space Technology, was to enable significant reductions in the cost of access to space, and to promote the creation and delivery of new space services and other activities that ...