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Cartoon rendering, also called cel shading or toon shading, is a non-photorealistic rendering technique used to give 3D computer graphics a flat, cartoon-like appearance. Its defining feature is the use of distinct shading colors rather than smooth gradients, producing a look reminiscent of comic books or animated films.
Traditionally rendering techniques were taught in a "master class" practice (such as the École des Beaux-Arts), where a student works creatively with a mentor in the study of fine arts. Contemporary architects use hand-drawn sketches, pen and ink drawings, and watercolor renderings to represent their design with the vision of an artist.
Artistic filters, in which various drawing and painting styles, including oil, pastel, and pen-and-ink rendering, are synthesized based on scanned real-world examples. Texture-by-numbers, in which realistic scenes, composed of a variety of textures, are created using a simple "painting" interface.
Erwin Stolz excelled above all in ink drawing where in the 30s and 40s he touched absolute peaks not only of great formal and technical refinement but also of great creativity, succeeding in the not easy intent of rendering through the lines depth, atmospheric sense, tonalism in the absence of color or better with a single color, black, with which he was able to create not only the entire ...
The artist will often start with a graphite pencil to sketch or outline the drawing, then the final line work with a pen or brush, and permanent ink. The ink may be diluted with water to produce gradations, a technique called ink wash. The pencil marks may be erased after the ink is applied, or left in place with the dark inks overpowering them.
Illustration of ruling pen use from A Textbook on Ornamental Design (1901) A ruling pen contains ink in a slot between two flexible metal jaws, which are tapered to a point. It enables precise rendering of very thin lines. [1] The line width can be adjusted by an adjustment screw connecting the jaws. [2]
Leonardo da Vinci's Vitruvian Man (c. 1485) Accademia, Venice. Drawing is a visual art that uses an instrument to mark paper or another two-dimensional surface. The instruments used to make a drawing are pencils, crayons, pens with inks, brushes with paints, or combinations of these, and in more modern times, computer styluses with graphics tablets or gamepads in VR drawing software.
It may also apply to drawings executed in pen and ink, digital input such as a digital pen, ballpoint pen, marker pen, water colour and oil paint. The latter two are generally referred to as "water colour sketches" and "oil sketches". A sculptor might model three-dimensional sketches in clay, plasticine or wax.