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Unconscionability (sometimes known as unconscionable dealing/conduct in Australia) is a doctrine in contract law that describes terms that are so extremely unjust, or overwhelmingly one-sided in favor of the party who has the superior bargaining power, that they are contrary to good conscience.
A standard form contract (sometimes referred to as a contract of adhesion, a leonine contract, [a] a take-it-or-leave-it contract, or a boilerplate contract) is a contract between two parties, where the terms and conditions of the contract are set by one of the parties, and the other party has little or no ability to negotiate more favorable terms and is thus placed in a "take it or leave it ...
Waddams, 'Unconscionability in Contracts' (1976) 39 Modern Law Review 369; RA Epstein, 'Unconscionability: A Critical Reappraisal' (1975) 18 Journal of Law and Economics 293, 297, “The question of duress is not that of the equality of bargaining power in a loose sense that refers to the wealth of the parties. It is the question of what means ...
Justice Suzanne Côté dissented alone, arguing that the majority was setting a standard "so low as to be practically meaningless in the case of standard form contracts". [8] Uber Technologies did not settle the question of whether Heller and other members of the proposed class were, in fact, employees. Rather, it established only that the ...
Unconscionability; Culpa in contrahendo 2; ... Implied terms are not stated but nevertheless form a provision of the contract. ... 'Unfair' is a term in standard form ...
Standard contracts are typically used by enterprises with strong bargaining power. The weaker party, in need of the goods or services, is frequently not in a position to shop around for better terms, either because the author of the standard contract has a monopoly (natural or artificial) or because all competitors use the same clauses.
Bargain theory has largely replaced benefit-detriment theory in modern contract theory, but judges often cite both and may use both models in their decisions. These theories usually overlap; in standard contracts, such as a contract to buy a car, there will be both an objective benefit and detriment.
A term may either be expressed or implied. An express term is one stated by the parties during negotiation or written in a contractual document. Implied terms are not stated but nevertheless form a provision of the contract.