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  2. Three-term contingency - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three-term_contingency

    An example of punishment may include beatings (positive punishment), and taking away something desired or loved (negative punishment). The effectiveness and value of a consequence are determined by the motivating operations the organism has.

  3. Punishment (psychology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punishment_(psychology)

    positive punishment, punishment by application, or type I punishment, an experimenter punishes a response by presenting an aversive stimulus into the animal's surroundings (a brief electric shock, for example). negative punishment, punishment by removal, or type II punishment, a valued, appetitive stimulus is removed (as in the removal of a ...

  4. Aversives - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aversives

    A patent drawing of the GED, an aversive conditioning device. Aversives may be used as punishment or negative reinforcement during applied behavior analysis.In early years, the use of aversives was represented as a less restrictive alternative to the methods used in mental institutions such as shock treatment, hydrotherapy, straitjacketing and frontal lobotomies.

  5. Applied behavior analysis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applied_behavior_analysis

    ABA is an applied science devoted to developing procedures which will produce observable changes in behavior. [3] [7] It is to be distinguished from the experimental analysis of behavior, which focuses on basic experimental research, [8] but it uses principles developed by such research, in particular operant conditioning and classical conditioning.

  6. Operant conditioning - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operant_conditioning

    Applied behavior analysis is the discipline initiated by B. F. Skinner that applies the principles of conditioning to the modification of socially significant human behavior. It uses the basic concepts of conditioning theory, including conditioned stimulus (S C ), discriminative stimulus (S d ), response (R), and reinforcing stimulus (S rein or ...

  7. Experimental analysis of behavior - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experimental_analysis_of...

    The experimental analysis of behavior is a science that studies the behavior of individuals across a variety of species. A key early scientist was B. F. Skinner who discovered operant behavior, reinforcers, secondary reinforcers, contingencies of reinforcement, stimulus control, shaping, intermittent schedules, discrimination, and generalization.

  8. Behavioral momentum - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Behavioral_momentum

    Behavioral momentum is a theory in quantitative analysis of behavior and is a behavioral metaphor based on physical momentum.It describes the general relation between resistance to change (persistence of behavior) and the rate of reinforcement obtained in a given situation.

  9. Reinforcement - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinforcement

    Positive punishment. Example: Corporal punishment, such as spanking a child. Removing/taking away Negative punishment. Example: Loss of privileges (e.g., screen time or permission to attend a desired event) if a rule is broken. Negative reinforcement. Example: Reading a book because it allows the reader to escape feelings of boredom or unhappiness