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For other uses, see Rice (disambiguation). Rice plant (Oryza sativa) with branched panicles containing many grains on each stem Rice grains of different varieties at the International Rice Research Institute Rice is a cereal grain and in its domesticated form is the staple food of over half of the world's population, particularly in Asia and Africa. Rice is the seed of the grass species Oryza ...
The production increases can be attributed equal to irrigation, fertilizer, and seed development, at least in the case of Asian rice. [ 81 ] While agricultural output increased as a result of the Green Revolution, the energy input to produce a crop has increased faster, [ 82 ] so that the ratio of crops produced to energy input has decreased ...
Predictions of climate change's effects on rice cultivation vary. Global rice yield has been projected to decrease by around 3.2% with each 1°C increase in global average temperature [142] while another study predicts global rice cultivation will increase initially, plateauing at about 3°C warming (2091–2100 relative to 1850–1900). [143]
In 2022, greenhouse gas emissions from rice cultivation were estimated at 5.7 billion tonnes CO2eq, representing 1.2% of total emissions. [60] Within the agriculture sector, rice produces almost half the greenhouse gas emissions from croplands, [61] some 30% of agricultural methane emissions, and 11% of agricultural nitrous oxide emissions. [62]
The environmental impact of agriculture is the effect that different farming practices have on the ecosystems around them, and how those effects can be traced back to those practices. [1] The environmental impact of agriculture varies widely based on practices employed by farmers and by the scale of practice.
The System of Rice Intensification (SRI) is a farming methodology that aims to increase the yield of rice while using fewer resources and reducing environmental impacts. The method was developed by a French Jesuit Father Henri de Laulanié in Madagascar [ 1 ] and built upon decades of agricultural experimentation.
Environmental barriers prevent the ability to protect and conserve the natural ecosystem. [92] Examples of these barriers include the use of pesticides and the effects of climate change. [92] Pesticides are widely used to combat pests that can devastate production and plays a significant role in keeping food prices and production costs low. [97]
Rice polyculture is the cultivation of rice and another crop simultaneously on the same land. The practice exploits the mutual benefit between rice and organisms such as fish and ducks: the rice supports pests which serve as food for the fish and ducks, while the animals' excrement serves as fertilizer for the rice.