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Hyperchloremia is an electrolyte disturbance in which there is an elevated level of chloride ions in the blood. [1] The normal serum range for chloride is 96 to 106 mEq/L, [2] therefore chloride levels at or above 110 mEq/L usually indicate kidney dysfunction as it is a regulator of chloride concentration. [3]
IR absorption spectrum of copper(I) chloride. Copper(I) chloride, commonly called cuprous chloride, is the lower chloride of copper, with the formula CuCl. The substance is a white solid sparingly soluble in water, but very soluble in concentrated hydrochloric acid. Impure samples appear green due to the presence of copper(II) chloride (CuCl 2).
Copper toxicity (or Copperiedus) is a type of metal poisoning caused by an excess of copper in the body. Copperiedus could occur from consuming excess copper salts, but most commonly it is the result of the genetic condition Wilson's disease and Menke's disease, which are associated with mismanaged transport and storage of copper ions.
Copper complexes are often toxic to cells, therefore tumor cells were killed, while normal cells in the whole body remained alive for the lower level of copper. [138] Researchers have also recently found that cuproptosis , a copper-induced mechanism of mitochondrial-related cell death, has been implicated as a breakthrough in the treatment of ...
[12] [13] Copper(II) chloride reacts with several metals to produce copper metal or copper(I) chloride (CuCl) with oxidation of the other metal. To convert copper(II) chloride to copper(I) chloride, it can be convenient to reduce an aqueous solution with sulfur dioxide as the reductant: [8] 2 CuCl 2 + SO 2 + 2 H 2 O → 2 CuCl + 2 HCl + H 2 SO 4
Copper deficiency, or hypocupremia, is defined either as insufficient copper to meet the needs of the body, or as a serum copper level below the normal range. [1] Symptoms may include fatigue, decreased red blood cells, early greying of the hair, and neurological problems presenting as numbness, tingling, muscle weakness, and ataxia. [2]
The levels of chloride in the blood can help determine if there are underlying metabolic disorders. [20] Generally, chloride has an inverse relationship with bicarbonate, an electrolyte that indicates acid-base status. [20] Overall, treatment of chloride imbalances involve addressing the underlying cause rather than supplementing or avoiding ...
Copper alloy surfaces have intrinsic properties that destroy many microorganisms.In the interest of protecting public health, especially in healthcare environments with their susceptible patient populations, an abundance of peer-reviewed antimicrobial efficacy studies have been conducted in the past ten years regarding copper's efficacy to destroy E. coli O157:H7, methicillin-resistant ...