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Galen was the first scientist and philosopher to assign specific parts of the soul to locations in the body because of his extensive background in medicine. [63] This idea is now referred to as localization of function. [64] Galen's assignments were revolutionary for the time period, which set the precedent for future localization theories.
Karl Gottlob Kühn of Leipzig (1754–1840) published an edition of 122 of Galen's writings between 1821 and 1833. His edition, which is the most complete, although flawed, [ 1 ] consists of the Greek text with facing-page Latin translation.
Galen was a prolific writer from whose surviving works comes what Galen believed to be the definitive guide to a healthy diet, based on the theory of the four humours. [13] Galen understood the humoral theory in a dynamic sense rather than static sense such that yellow bile is hot and dry like fire; black bile is dry and cold like earth; phlegm ...
Galen was known for his treatises on being both a physician and a philosopher and was well versed in the works of Plato. His medical anatomy is described through the use of Plato's incorporeal ideals of the soul. The heart was the spirited, the liver the appetitive, and the brain the logical. [12]
Herophilus, known for his texts on anatomy through dissection, and Erasistratus, also known for anatomy and physiology, survive through Galenic reference. [78] Galen also referenced the written works of Soranus, a physician of the Methodic school known for his four-book treatise on gynecology. [79]
[41] [42] [43] Arguably the most accomplished of all medical researchers of antiquity, Galen influenced the development of various scientific disciplines, including anatomy, [44] physiology, pathology, [45] pharmacology, [46] and neurology, as well as philosophy [47] and logic.
Absence of the great cerebral vein is a congenital disorder.The deep cerebral veins of the brain normally drain through the great cerebral vein. In its absence, the veins from the diencephalon and the basal ganglia drain laterally into the transverse sinus instead of conjoining in the midline through the Galenic drainage system. [8]
From Hippocrates onward, the humoral theory was adopted by Greek, Roman and Islamic physicians, and dominated the view of the human body among European physicians until at least 1543 when it was first seriously challenged by Andreas Vesalius, who mostly criticized Galen's theories of human anatomy and not the chemical hypothesis of behavioural ...