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POD return values 33–64 bits in size are returned via the EAX:EDX registers. Non-POD return values or values larger than 64-bits, the calling code will allocate space and passes a pointer to this space via a hidden parameter on the stack. The called function writes the return value to this address. Stack aligned on 4-byte boundary. stdcall ...
This can be understood as taking a null pointer of type structure st, and then obtaining the address of member m within said structure. While this implementation works correctly in many compilers, it has generated some debate regarding whether this is undefined behavior according to the C standard, [2] since it appears to involve a dereference of a null pointer (although, according to the ...
gcc built-in(s) v2df __builtin_ia32_movddup(v2df) The source operand can be either an XMM register (xmm2) or a memory address (m64). When the source operand is an XMM ...
Branch-and-link instructions store the return address in a special link register separate from the general-purpose registers; a routine returns to its caller with a branch instruction that uses the link register as the destination address. Leaf routines do not need to save or restore the link register; non-leaf routines must save the return ...
The count trailing zeros operation would return 3, while the count leading zeros operation returns 16. The count leading zeros operation depends on the word size: if this 32-bit word were truncated to a 16-bit word, count leading zeros would return zero. The find first set operation would return 4, indicating the 4th position from the right.
done ← cas(p, value, value + a) return value + a In this algorithm, if the value of *p changes after (or while!) it is fetched and before the CAS does the store, CAS will notice and report this fact, causing the algorithm to retry.
When a function executes, it may add some of its local state data to the top of the stack; when the function exits it is responsible for removing that data from the stack. At a minimum, a thread's stack is used to store the location of a return address provided by the caller in order to allow return statements to return to the correct location.
Some compilers (for example, GCC [7]) provide built-in versions of many of the functions in the C standard library; that is, the implementations of the functions are written into the compiled object file, and the program calls the built-in versions instead of the functions in the C library shared object file.