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The mental foramen descends slightly in toothless individuals. [2]The mental foramen is in line with the longitudinal axis of the 2nd premolar in 63% of people. [3] It generally lies at the level of the vestibular fornix and about a finger's breadth above the inferior border of the mandible.
The lingual foramen is a small midline opening on the posterior aspect of the symphysis of the mandible, just above the mental spine. The lingual foramen gives passage to a single small artery formed by the union of two branches of the sublingual arteries (each sublingual artery contributing a single branch). [1]
A mental spine is a small projection of bone on the posterior aspect of the mandible in the midline. There are usually four mental spines: two superior and two inferior. Collectively they are also known as the genial tubercle, [1] genial apophysis and the Latin name spinae mentalis.
Other variants include a bifid canal with a branch (~41%): [3] following the course of the main mandibular canal before re-joining it (forward or buccolingual type); terminating at the apex of a tooth, usually the molar teeth (dental type); opening as an accessory mental foramen. [4] A trifid mandibular canal variation has also been described ...
Anaesthetic injected near the mandibular foramen to block the inferior alveolar nerve and the nearby lingual nerve (supplying the tongue). This causes loss of sensation on the same side as the block to: the teeth (inferior alveolar nerve block) the lower lip and chin (mental nerve block) front two-thirds of the tongue (lingual nerve block).
The mental nerve is a branch of the posterior trunk of the inferior alveolar nerve. This is a branch of the mandibular nerve (CN V 3), itself a branch of the trigeminal nerve (CN V). [1] It emerges from the mental foramen in the mandible. [2] It divides into three branches beneath the depressor anguli oris muscle.
The mandibular foramen, is above the mandibular angle in the middle of each ramus. The mental foramen sits on either side of the mental protuberance (chin) on the body of mandible, usually inferior to the apices of the mandibular first and second premolars. As mandibular growth proceeds in young children, the mental foramen alters in direction ...
The incisive nerve either terminates as nerve endings within the anterior teeth or adjacent bone, or may join nerve endings that enter through the tiny lingual foramen. [citation needed] The incisive canal is typically found within the middle third of the mandible in an apico-coronal dimension, reaching the midline 18% of the time. [3]