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In mathematics, the modular group is the projective special linear group (,) of 2 × 2 matrices with integer coefficients and determinant 1. The matrices A and − A are identified. The modular group acts on the upper-half of the complex plane by fractional linear transformations , and the name "modular group" comes from the relation to ...
In mathematics, a modular form is a (complex) analytic function on the upper half-plane, , that roughly satisfies a functional equation with respect to the group action of the modular group and a growth condition.
Equivalently, the elements of this group can be thought of as the congruence classes, also known as residues modulo n, that are coprime to n. Hence another name is the group of primitive residue classes modulo n. In the theory of rings, a branch of abstract algebra, it is described as the group of units of the ring of integers modulo n.
In mathematics, modular arithmetic is a system of arithmetic for integers, where numbers "wrap around" when reaching a certain value, called the modulus. The modern approach to modular arithmetic was developed by Carl Friedrich Gauss in his book Disquisitiones Arithmeticae , published in 1801.
In mathematics, a group is called an Iwasawa group, M-group or modular group if its lattice of subgroups is modular. Alternatively, a group G is called an Iwasawa group when every subgroup of G is permutable in G (Ballester-Bolinches, Esteban-Romero & Asaad 2010, pp. 24–25). Kenkichi Iwasawa proved that a p-group G is an Iwasawa group if and ...
The modular group SL(2, Z) acts on the upper half-plane by fractional linear transformations.The analytic definition of a modular curve involves a choice of a congruence subgroup Γ of SL(2, Z), i.e. a subgroup containing the principal congruence subgroup of level N for some positive integer N, which is defined to be
In mathematics, a module is a generalization of the notion of vector space in which the field of scalars is replaced by a (not necessarily commutative) ring.The concept of a module also generalizes the notion of an abelian group, since the abelian groups are exactly the modules over the ring of integers.
In mathematics, and more precisely in topology, the mapping class group of a surface, sometimes called the modular group or Teichmüller modular group, is the group of homeomorphisms of the surface viewed up to continuous (in the compact-open topology) deformation.