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The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a part of a transportation system of the eukaryotic cell, and has many other important functions such as protein folding.It is a type of organelle made up of two subunits – rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), and smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER).
There are two distinct, though connected, regions of ER that differ in structure and function: smooth ER and rough ER. The rough endoplasmic reticulum is so named because the cytoplasmic surface is covered with ribosomes, giving it a bumpy appearance when viewed through an electron microscope. The smooth ER appears smooth since its cytoplasmic ...
Secretory pathway diagram, including nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum and golgi apparatus. Nuclear membrane; Nuclear pore; Rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (sER) Ribosome attached to rER; Macromolecules; Transport vesicles; Golgi apparatus; Cis face of Golgi apparatus; Trans face of Golgi apparatus; Cisternae of ...
translation and folding of new proteins (rough endoplasmic reticulum), expression of lipids (smooth endoplasmic reticulum) single-membrane compartment: all eukaryotes: rough endoplasmic reticulum is covered with ribosomes (which are bound to the ribosome membrane), has folds that are flat sacs; smooth endoplasmic reticulum has folds that are ...
Synthesis of proteins is by the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), and both the rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) are involved in secretion of the proteins formed. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is involved in conjugation of proteins to lipid and carbohydrate moieties synthesized by, or modified within, the hepatocytes.
DP1/Yop1p is an integral membrane protein family that, along with the reticulons, is responsible for the shape of the tubular endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in yeast and mammalian cells. Furthermore, it is also believed that they might be involved in sheet ER formation. [1]
Masses of rough endoplasmic reticulum also occur in some non-neuronal cells, where they are referred to as ergastoplasm, basophilic bodies, [1] or chromophilic substance. [4] While these organelles differ in some ways from Nissl bodies in neurons, [5] large amounts of rough endoplasmic reticulum are generally linked to the copious production of ...
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum makes hormones and lipids, degrades toxins, and controls cellular levels of calcium. Though most control of cell division is present in the nucleus, the centrosomes present in the endoplasm assist with spindle formation. The endoplasm is the site of many activities necessary for the cell to maintain homeostasis. [2]