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A powder X-ray diffractometer in motion. X-ray crystallography is the experimental science of determining the atomic and molecular structure of a crystal, in which the crystalline structure causes a beam of incident X-rays to diffract in specific directions.
Portrait of William Lawrence Bragg taken when he was around 40 years old. Sir William Lawrence Bragg (31 March 1890 – 1 July 1971) was an Australian-born British physicist and X-ray crystallographer, discoverer (1912) of Bragg's law of X-ray diffraction, which is basic for the determination of crystal structure.
Max Theodor Felix von Laue (German: [maks fɔn ˈlaʊ̯ə] ⓘ; 9 October 1879 – 24 April 1960) was a German physicist who received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1914 for his discovery of the diffraction of X-rays by crystals.
1912 – Max von Laue discovers diffraction of X-rays by crystals. 1912 – Peter Debye develops a model for the specific heat of solids in terms of phonons, known as Debye model. 1913 – William Henry Bragg and Lawrence Bragg use X-rays to analyze crystals. 1917 – Weiss and Auguste Piccard first observe the magnetocaloric effect.
"For his discovery of the diffraction of X-rays by crystals", an important step in the development of X-ray spectroscopy. [9] 1915 William Henry Bragg (1862–1942) British "'For their services in the analysis of crystal structure by means of X-rays', an important step in the development of X-ray crystallography" [32] Lawrence Bragg (1890–1971)
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 15 November 2024. British X-ray crystallographer (1920–1958) This article is about the chemist. For the Mars rover named after her, see Rosalind Franklin (rover). Rosalind Franklin Franklin with a microscope in 1955 Born Rosalind Elsie Franklin (1920-07-25) 25 July 1920 Notting Hill, London, England ...
André Guinier (1 August, 1911 – 3 July, 2000) was a French physicist and crystallographer who did pioneering work in the field of X-ray diffraction and solid-state physics. He was credited for the discovery and developments of small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) into an indispensable tool for materials science and crystallography. [2] [3]
Crystallography is a broad topic, and many of its subareas, such as X-ray crystallography, are themselves important scientific topics. Crystallography ranges from the fundamentals of crystal structure to the mathematics of crystal geometry, including those that are not periodic or quasicrystals.