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Print/export Download as PDF; Printable version; ... There are 91 code points for Javanese script: 53 letters, 19 punctuation marks, 10 numbers, and 9 vowels:
However, most Javanese numerals has the exact same glyph as several basic letters, for example the numeral 1 ꧑ and wyanjana letter ga ꦒ, or the numeral 8 ꧘ and murda letter pa ꦦ. To avoid confusion, numerals that are used in the middle of sentences must be surrounded by pada pangkat ꧇ ꧇ or pada lingsa ꧈ ꧈ .
Since the introduction of Latin script, the Javanese orthography in Latin script has undergone several orthographic reforms. The alphabet is generally the same as the Indonesian alphabet . There are six digraphs : dh , kh , ng , ny , sy , and th , and five letters with diacritics: å , é , ě , ó and ú .
is a syllable in the Javanese script that represents the sounds /ʈɔ/, /ʈa/. It is transliterated to Latin as "tha", and sometimes in Indonesian orthography as "tho". It has another form (pasangan), which is ꧀ꦛ, but represented by a single Unicode code point, U+A99B. [1] [2] [3]
Pegon (Javanese and Sundanese: اَكسارا ڤَيڮَون , Aksara Pégon; also known as اَبجَد ڤَيڮَون , Abjad Pégon, Madurese: أبجاْد ڤَيگو, Abjâd Pèghu) [3] is a modified Arabic script used to write the Javanese, Sundanese, and Madurese languages, as an alternative to the Latin script or the Javanese script [4] and the Old Sundanese script. [5]
The Kawi script or the Old Javanese script (Indonesian: aksara kawi, aksara carakan kuna) is a Brahmic script found primarily in Java and used across much of Maritime Southeast Asia between the 8th century and the 16th century. [1] The script is an abugida, meaning that characters are read with an inherent vowel.
Methods of copying handwritten letters Manifold stylographic writer, using early "carbonic paper" Letter copying book process; Mechanical processes Tracing to make accurate hand-drawn copies; Pantograph, manual device for making drawn copies without tracing, can also enlarge or reduce; Printmaking, which includes engraving and etching
The Pallava script, or Pallava Grantha, is a style of Grantha script named after the Pallava dynasty of Southern India and is attested to since the 4th century CE.In India, the Pallava script evolved from Tamil-Brahmi. [2]