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Bending A chimney starter, a sample product of bending. Bending is a manufacturing process that produces a V-shape, U-shape, or channel shape along a straight axis in ductile materials, most commonly sheet metal. [1] Commonly used equipment include box and pan brakes, brake presses, and other specialized machine presses.
The K-factor is the bending capacity of sheet metal, and by extension the forumulae used to calculate this. [1] [2] [3] Mathematically it is an engineering aspect of geometry. [4] Such is its intricacy in precision sheet metal bending [5] (with press brakes in particular) that its proper application in engineering has been termed an art. [4] [5]
Sheet metal is available in flat pieces or coiled strips. The coils are formed by running a continuous sheet of metal through a roll slitter. In most of the world, sheet metal thickness is consistently specified in millimeters. In the U.S., the thickness of sheet metal is commonly specified by a traditional, non-linear measure known as its ...
Roll bending may be done to both sheet metal and bars of metal. If a bar is used, it is assumed to have a uniform cross-section, but not necessarily rectangular, as long as there are no overhanging contours, i.e. positive draft. Such bars are often formed by extrusion. The material to be shaped is suspended between the rollers.
When bending metal, spring back compensation is done by pushing the workpiece further into the die. For other sheet metal forming operations like drawing , it entails deforming the sheet metal past the planned shape of the part so that when the part's elastic deformation is released, the plastic deformation in that part delivers the desired ...
Stamping includes a variety of sheet-metal forming manufacturing processes, such as punching using a machine press or stamping press, blanking, embossing, bending, flanging, and coining. [1] This could be a single stage operation where every stroke of the press produces the desired form on the sheet metal part, or could occur through a series ...
hemming process A closed hem A seam. Hemming and seaming are two similar metalworking processes in which a sheet metal edge is rolled over onto itself. Hemming is the process in which the edge is rolled flush to itself, while a seam joins the edges of two materials.
Today the metal forming industry is making increasing use of simulation to evaluate the performing of dies, processes and blanks prior to building try-out tooling. Finite element analysis (FEA) is the most common method of simulating sheet metal forming operations to determine whether a proposed design will produce parts free of defects such as fracture or wrinkling.