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Qualitative description of categories improve the usefulness of a rating scale. For example, if only the points 1-10 are given without description, some people may select 10 rarely, whereas others may select the category often. If, instead, "10" is described as "near flawless", the category is more likely to mean the same thing to different people.
In statistics, ranking is the data transformation in which numerical or ordinal values are replaced by their rank when the data are sorted. For example, the ranks of the numerical data 3.4, 5.1, 2.6, 7.3 are 2, 3, 1, 4. As another example, the ordinal data hot, cold, warm would be replaced by 3, 1, 2.
For example, in the above five-point Likert item, the inference is that the 'distance' between category 1 and 2 is the same as between category 3 and 4. In terms of good research practice, an equidistant presentation by the researcher is important; otherwise a bias in the analysis may result.
For example, the ranks of the numerical data 3.4, 5.1, 2.6, 7.3 are 2, 3, 1, 4. As another example, the ordinal data hot, cold, warm would be replaced by 3, 1, 2. In these examples, the ranks are assigned to values in ascending order, although descending ranks can also be used.
Dave Kehr believes that "one star" indicates the film has redeeming facets, [12] and instead uses zero stars as his lowest rating. Examples of rating scales: 0–4: Roger Ebert, Gene Siskel, David Kehr and Peter Travers; 0.5–4: Steven H. Scheuer's now-defunct film guide grades films from a half-star ("abysmal") to four stars ("excellent"). [14]
The top grade, A, is given here for performance that exceeds the mean by more than 1.5 standard deviations, a B for performance between 0.5 and 1.5 standard deviations above the mean, and so on. [17] Regardless of the absolute performance of the students, the best score in the group receives a top grade and the worst score receives a failing grade.
Ordinal data is a categorical, statistical data type where the variables have natural, ordered categories and the distances between the categories are not known. [1]: 2 These data exist on an ordinal scale, one of four levels of measurement described by S. S. Stevens in 1946.
Some examples: 3–2–1 as in the Greek League 1959–73; [3] or 4–2–1. Giving 1 point extra in each case for losing may be simply cosmetic, but does allow for awarding 0 points for forfeiting a match. (The FIFA standard is to count a forfeit as a 3–0 defeat.) The USL W-League in 2002 gave 4–1–0 with a bonus point for scoring three ...