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Travelers' diarrhea (TD) is a stomach and intestinal infection. TD is defined as the passage of unformed stool (one or more by some definitions, three or more by others) while traveling. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] It may be accompanied by abdominal cramps, nausea, fever, headache and bloating. [ 3 ]
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is a type of Escherichia coli and one of the leading bacterial causes of diarrhea in the developing world, [1] as well as the most common cause of travelers' diarrhea. [2] Insufficient data exists, but conservative estimates suggest that each year, about 157,000 deaths occur, mostly in children, from ETEC.
Various studies have sought to estimate diarrhea attack rates among wilderness travelers, and results have ranged widely. The variation of diarrhea rate between studies may depend on the time of year, the location of the study, the length of time the hikers were in the wilderness, [2] [34] the prevention methods used, and the study methodology.
Campylobacter bacteria, which cause traveler’s diarrhea. The germs can be transmitted via untreated water, in addition to ingestion of contaminated food or contact with infected animals.
Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) produces a toxin that acts on the intestinal lining, and is the most common cause of traveler's diarrhea. Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) can cause diarrhea outbreaks in newborn nurseries. Enteroaggregative E. coli (EAggEC) can cause acute and chronic (long-lasting) diarrhea in children.
You can pick up these pathogens from consuming food or water contaminated with E.coli, salmonella, norovirus or campylobacter. Diarrhea and vomiting are the most common symptoms.
However, stress-induce diarrhea usually happens leading up to or surrounding a stressful event, Dr. Farhadi says. But “regular” diarrhea can be caused a range of things, including a viral ...
In particular, EAEC are reported as the second most common cause of traveler's diarrhea, second only to Enterotoxigenic E. coli, and a common cause of diarrhea amongst pediatric populations. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] It has also been associated with chronic infections in the latter, as well as in immunocompromised hosts, such as HIV -infected individuals. [ 6 ]