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Gold plated - gold layer thickness greater than or equal to 0.5 micron; Heavy gold plated / Vermeil - gold layer thickness greater than or equal to 2.5 micron; Gold plated silver jewellery can still tarnish as the silver atoms diffuse into the gold layer, causing slow gradual fading of its color and eventually causing tarnishing of the surface ...
Gold-filled material is used to create a variety of products, including: Jewelry: Gold-filled is a popular choice for jewelry because it's durable, affordable, and hypoallergenic. Findings and components: Gold-filled is also used to make jewelry findings (e.g., clasps, jump rings) and other components.
Gilding gives an object a gold appearance at a fraction of the cost of creating a solid gold object. In addition, a solid gold piece would often be too soft or too heavy for practical use. A gilt surface also does not tarnish as silver does. Modern gilding is applied to numerous and diverse surfaces and by various processes.
24-karat gold is pure (while 100% purity is very difficult to attain, 24-karat as a designation is permitted in commerce for a minimum of 99.95% purity), 18-karat gold is 18 parts gold, 6 parts another metal (forming an alloy with 75% gold), 12-karat gold is 12 parts gold (12 parts another metal), and so forth.
Tarnish is a product of a chemical reaction between a metal and a nonmetal compound, especially oxygen and sulfur dioxide. It is usually a metal oxide, the product of oxidation; sometimes it is a metal sulfide. The metal oxide sometimes reacts with water to make the hydroxide, or with carbon dioxide to make the carbonate. It is a chemical change.
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Nickel alloys are hard and strong, and therefore good for rings and pins. Gold-palladium alloys are soft, pliable, and good for white-gold gemstone settings. The strength of gold-nickel-copper alloys is caused by formation of two phases: a gold-rich Au-Cu, and a nickel-rich Ni-Cu, and the resulting hardening of the material. [2]