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Three alternative therapies emerged over the next 4 years: Lewinsohn's social learning theory, Patterson's anti-depression milieu, and Lazarus' behavioral deprivation. Social learning theory focused on identifying and avoiding behaviors that increased depressive thoughts. Anti-depression milieu encouraged catharsis to overcome depression.
This analysis found that any cognitive component added little to the overall treatment of depression. [13] The behavioral component had existed as a standalone treatment in the early work of Peter Lewinsohn and thus a group of behaviorists decided that it might be more efficient to pursue a purer behavioral treatment for the disorder. [14]
The methods used in the depression prevention manuals developed by Muñoz and colleagues stem from the work of Peter Lewinsohn, his dissertation chair. Their 2011 Annual Review of Clinical Psychology chapter describes the origins and current status of Lewinsohn's behavioral activation approach to the treatment of depression.
Cognitive psychologists offered theories on depression in the mid-twentieth century. Starting in the 1950s, Albert Ellis argued that depression stemmed from irrational "should" and "musts" leading to inappropriate self-blame, self-pity, or other-pity in times of adversity. [30]
Peter Alan Levine (born 1942) [citation needed] is an American psychotraumatologist, biophysicist and psychologist. As a psychotherapist, he offers lectures, advanced training and seminars on Somatic Experiencing (SE) he founded worldwide. He described his understanding of coherence with the acronym SIBAM (sensation, image, behavior, affect and ...
Learned helplessness is the behavior exhibited by a subject after enduring repeated aversive stimuli beyond their control. It was initially thought to be caused by the subject's acceptance of their powerlessness, by way of their discontinuing attempts to escape or avoid the aversive stimulus, even when such alternatives are unambiguously presented.
Unlike the theory of "deprejudice", a psychogeographical theory of depression attempts to broaden study of the subject beyond an individual experience to one produced on a societal scale, seeing particular manifestations of depression as rooted in dispossession; historical legacies of genocide, slavery, and colonialism are productive of ...
Lynn P. Rehm proposed a self-control model of depression based on the three processes included in a feedback loop model of self-control: self-monitoring, self-evaluation, and self-reinforcement. [3] In the self-control model, depression is characterized as the result of deficits in these processes of self-control.