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The water year is designated by the calendar year in which it ends, so the 2025 water year started on October 1, 2024, and will end on September 30, 2025. [ 1 ] One way to identify a water-year is to find the successive 12-month period that most consistently, year after year, gives the highest correlation between precipitation and streamflow ...
Monthly estimated potential evapotranspiration and measured pan evaporation for two locations in Hawaii, Hilo and Pahala. Potential evapotranspiration is usually measured indirectly, from other climatic factors, but also depends on the surface type, such as free water (for lakes and oceans), the soil type for bare soil, and also the density and diversity of vegetation.
Given the limited data input to the equation, the calculated evapotranspiration should be regarded as only broadly accurate. Rather than a precise measure of evapotranspiration, the output of the equation is better thought of as providing an order of magnitude. [2] The inaccuracy of the equation is exacerbated by extreme variants of weather.
This allows for both actual and potential evapotranspiration to be calculated on a pixel-by-pixel basis. Evapotranspiration is a key indicator for water management and irrigation performance. SEBAL and METRIC can map these key indicators in time and space, for days, weeks or years. [19]
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Evaporation is greatest on hot, windy, dry, sunny days; and is greatly reduced when clouds block the sun and when air is cool, calm, and humid. [1] Pan evaporation measurements enable farmers and ranchers to understand how much water their crops will need. [2]
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The coefficients 0.408 and 900 are not unitless but account for the conversion from energy values to equivalent water depths: radiation [mm day −1] = 0.408 radiation [MJ m −2 day −1]. This reference evapotranspiration ET 0 can then be used to evaluate the evapotranspiration rate ET from unstressed plants through crop coefficients K c: ET ...