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After formally abolishing the Iranian monarchy, Muslim cleric Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini assumed leadership as the Supreme Leader of Iran. Mohammad Reza Shah died in exile in Egypt, where he had been granted political asylum by Egyptian president Anwar Sadat, and his son Reza Pahlavi declared himself the new Shah of Iran in exile.
Shāh (/ ʃ ɑː /; Persian: شاه ⓘ – lit. ' king ') is a royal title that was historically used by the leading figures of Iranian monarchies. [1] It was also used by a variety of Persianate societies, such as the Ottoman Empire, the Khanate of Bukhara, the Emirate of Bukhara, the Mughal Empire, the Bengal Sultanate, historical Afghan dynasties, and among Gurkhas. [2]
After Reza Shah's forced abdication, he was succeeded by his son, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, who became the last Shah of Iran. By 1953, Mohammad Reza Shah's rule became more autocratic and firmly aligned with the Western Bloc during the Cold War in the aftermath of the 1953 Iranian coup d'état , which was engineered by the United Kingdom and the ...
The Pahlavi dynasty ruled Iran from 1925 to 1979, founded by Reza Shah and succeeded by his son, Mohammad Reza Shah. The Pahlavis modernized Iran, improving infrastructure, education, and industry, while strengthening the military and legal systems. Mohammad Reza Shah’s reforms aimed to develop the economy and improve healthcare.
A new era in the history of Iran dawned with the Persian Constitutional Revolution against the Shah in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The Shah managed to remain in power, granting a limited constitution in 1906 (making the country a constitutional monarchy ).
Reza Shah Pahlavi [3] [a] (15 March 1878 – 26 July 1944) was shah of Iran from 1925 to 1941 and founder of the Pahlavi dynasty. Originally a military officer, he became a politician, serving as minister of war and prime minister of Iran, and was elected shah following the deposition of the last monarch of the Qajar dynasty.
EDITOR'S NOTE — In August 1953, a CIA-backed coup toppled Iran's prime minister, cementing the rule of Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi for over 25 years before the 1979 Islamic Revolution. The coup ...
Reza Shah was deposed in 1941 by an invasion of allied British and Soviet troops [9] who believed him to be sympathetic with the allies' enemy Nazi Germany. In fact Reza Shah could not trust allied forces due to long history of British and Russian interference, separating parts of Iran and contracts exploiting Iran.