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Bradycardia, also called bradyarrhythmia, is a resting heart rate under 60 beats per minute (BPM). [1] While bradycardia can result from various pathologic processes, it is commonly a physiologic response to cardiovascular conditioning or due to asymptomatic type 1 atrioventricular block.
[medical citation needed] Sinus bradycardia can also be an adaptive advantage; for example, diving seals may have a heart rate as low as 12 beats per minute, helping them to conserve oxygen during long dives. [4] Sinus bradycardia is a common condition found in both healthy individuals and those who are considered well-conditioned athletes. [5]
Sleep apnea is a common sleep disorder that affects more than 20 percent of people in the United States. It happens when your breathing temporarily stops while you sleep. Depending on the severity ...
Children with obstructive sleep-disordered breathing also show a faster heart rate during wakefulness and during sleep. [74] In adult patients, OSA has been shown to be associated with insulin resistance. [75] In children, metabolic consequences of OSA are complicated to assess as they can also be associated to puberty and obesity (if present ...
The respiratory disturbance index (RDI)—or respiratory distress Index—is a formula used in reporting polysomnography (sleep study) findings. Like the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), it reports on respiratory distress events during sleep, but unlike the AHI, it also includes respiratory-effort related arousals (RERAs). [1]
Heart tissue infection also known as myocarditis -Complication of heart surgery; Hypothyroidism or an underactive thyroid gland [1] Imbalance of electrolytes which are mineral related substances needed for conducting electrical impulses; Obstructive sleep apnea which is the repeated disruption of breathing during sleep due to obstruction to the ...
Often sinus node dysfunction produces no symptoms, especially early in the disease course. Signs and symptoms usually appear in more advanced disease and more than 50% of patients will present with syncope or transient near-fainting spells as well as bradycardias that are accompanied by rapid heart rhythms, referred to as tachycardia-bradycardia syndrome [4] [5] Other presenting signs or ...
Hypopnea during sleep is classed as a sleep disorder. With moderate to severe hypopnea, sleep is disturbed such that patients may get a full night's sleep but still not feel rested. The disruption in breathing causes a drop in blood oxygen level, which may in turn disrupt the stages of sleep.