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Perennial ryegrass is an important pasture and forage plant, and is used in many pasture seed mixes. In fertile soil, it produces a high grass yield, and in Britain and Ireland, it is frequently sown for short-term ley grassland , often with red or white clover ( Trifolium pratense or T. repens ).
Ryegrasses are also used in soil erosion control programs. It is the principal grazing grass in New Zealand where some 10 million kilograms of certified seed are produced every year. There is a large range of cultivars. The primary species found worldwide and used both for lawns and as a forage crop is perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne).
Lolium multiflorum (Italian rye-grass, [2] annual ryegrass) is a ryegrass native to temperate Europe, though its precise native range is unknown. [3] It is a herbaceous annual, biennial, or perennial grass that is grown for silage, and as a cover crop. [4] [5] It is also grown as an ornamental grass.
Common names by which it is known include annual ryegrass, a name also given to Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum), rigid ryegrass, stiff darnel, Swiss ryegrass and Wimmera ryegrass. [1] It is a native of southern Europe, northern Africa, the Middle East and the Indian subcontinent and is grown as a forage crop, particularly in Australia ...
The use of cover crops to help control weeds also increases organic residue in the soil (and nutrients, when using legumes). [36] Cover crops then need to be killed so that the newly planted crops can get enough light, water, nutrients, etc. [ 37 ] [ 38 ] This can be done by rollers, crimpers, choppers and other ways.
Pores (the spaces that exist between soil particles) provide for the passage and/or retention of gasses and moisture within the soil profile.The soil's ability to retain water is strongly related to particle size; water molecules hold more tightly to the fine particles of a clay soil than to coarser particles of a sandy soil, so clays generally retain more water. [2]
It can help with weed control because it can outcompete and smother weeds. [12]: 2 In addition to this, Chloris gayana is also able to deal with soil erosion on sloped fields by holding topsoil. [12]: 2 Chloris gayana can also be mixed with legumes such as cowpea, stylo, and alfalfa which also improves soil nutrient levels.
Wetlands help maintain the level of the water table and exert control on the hydraulic head. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] This provides force for groundwater recharge and discharge to other waters as well. The extent of groundwater recharge by a wetland is dependent upon soil , vegetation , site, perimeter to volume ratio, and water table gradient.