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PEV - Plug-in Electric Vehicle - vehicle has a socket and can be propelled by electric power. BEV - Battery Electric Vehicle - vehicle drives on electrical energy stored in a battery. HEV - Hybrid Electric Vehicle - vehicle drives either with or without combustion engine. Does not a have socket for recharging battery. MHV - Mild Hybrid Vehicle ...
A motor vehicle, also known as a motorized vehicle, automotive vehicle, automobile, or road vehicle, is a self-propelled land vehicle, commonly wheeled, that does not operate on rails (such as trains or trams), does not fly (such as airplanes or helicopters), does not float on water (such as boats or ships), and is used for the transportation ...
A typical 12 V, 40 Ah lead-acid car battery. An automotive battery, or car battery, is a rechargeable battery that is used to start a motor vehicle.. Its main purpose is to provide an electric current to the electric-powered starting motor, which in turn starts the chemically-powered internal combustion engine that actually propels the vehicle.
An all-electric vehicle typically requires one or more on-board energy supply elements or devices for autonomous operation, most commonly by chemical batteries, less frequently via electro-mechanical generators; The electric vehicle further may include an on-board control system that directs energy from the energy storage elements, as needed ...
Futuricum, fully electric refuse collection vehicle from Designwerk, used by the city of Basel. The first all-electric refuse truck in the United States built for the City of Chicago. With a similar driving pattern of a delivery vehicle like the milk float, garbage trucks are excellent candidates for electric drive.
Car life cycle. Automobiles have significant energy use in their life cycle, not directly attributable to the running of the vehicle. An important consideration is the energy costs of producing the energy form used by the automobile. Bio-fuels, electricity and hydrogen, for instance, have significant energy inputs in their production.
Some electric vehicle manufacturers, such as Tesla, claim that a lithium-ion battery that no longer fulfills the requirements of its intended use can be serviced by them directly, thereby lengthening its first-life. [69] Reused electric vehicle batteries can potentially supply 60-100% of the grid-scale lithium-ion energy storage by 2030. [70]
In a series hydraulic hybrid vehicle, the pump/motor directly connects to the driveshaft, [5] or the in-wheel motors provide driving torque directly to the wheel. The internal combustion engine is only connected to a pump, and is set to operate in its most efficient power range to maintain the optimal hydraulic pressure in the accumulator. [ 3 ]