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The original Amundsen–Scott Station was built by Navy Seabees for the federal government of the United States during November 1956, as part of its commitment to the scientific goals of the International Geophysical Year, an effort lasting from January 1957 to June 1958 to study, among other things, the geophysics of the polar regions of Earth.
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English: Map showing the polar journeys of the Scott's Terra Nova expedition (green) and Amundsen's expedition (red) to reach the South Pole Français : Carte montrant les parcours de l'expédition Terra Nova de Scott (vert) et celle d'Amundsen (rouge) pour atteindre le Pôle Sud
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The first ever expedition to reach the Geographic South Pole was led by the Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen.He and four other crew members made it to the geographical south pole on 14 December 1911, [n 1] which would prove to be five weeks ahead of the competitive British party led by Robert Falcon Scott as part of the Terra Nova Expedition.
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Scott and his financial backers saw the expedition as having a scientific basis, while also wishing to reach the pole. However, it was recognised by all involved that the South Pole was the primary objective ("The Southern Journey involves the most important object of the Expedition" – Scott), and had priority in terms of resources, such as the best ponies and all the dogs and motor sledges ...
The South Pole Traverse, also called the South Pole Overland Traverse (SPoT), [2] or McMurdo–South Pole Highway [3] is an approximately 995-mile-long (1,601 km) flagged route over compacted snow and ice [4] in Antarctica that links McMurdo Station on the coast to the Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station, both operated by the National Science Foundation of the United States. [5]