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For example, as the Earth's rotational velocity is 465 m/s at the equator, a rocket launched tangentially from the Earth's equator to the east requires an initial velocity of about 10.735 km/s relative to the moving surface at the point of launch to escape whereas a rocket launched tangentially from the Earth's equator to the west requires an ...
Atmospheric escape of hydrogen on Earth is due to charge exchange escape (~60–90%), Jeans escape (~10–40%), and polar wind escape (~10–15%), currently losing about 3 kg/s of hydrogen. [1] The Earth additionally loses approximately 50 g/s of helium primarily through polar wind escape. Escape of other atmospheric constituents is much ...
In order to leave the Solar System, the probe needs to reach the local escape velocity. Escape velocity from the sun without the influence of Earth is 42.1 km/s. In order to reach this speed, it is highly advantageous to use as a boost the orbital speed of the Earth around the Sun, which is 29.78 km/s.
Asteroids with a 1 km (0.62 mi) diameter strike Earth every 500,000 years on average. [20] [21] Large collisions – with 5 km (3 mi) objects – happen approximately once every twenty million years. [22] The last known impact of an object of 10 km (6 mi) or more in diameter was at the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event 66 million years ago.
For a low Earth orbit, this velocity is about 7.8 km/s (28,100 km/h; 17,400 mph); [2] by contrast, the fastest crewed airplane speed ever achieved (excluding speeds achieved by deorbiting spacecraft) was 2.2 km/s (7,900 km/h; 4,900 mph) in 1967 by the North American X-15. [3] The energy required to reach Earth orbital velocity at an altitude of ...
8.5×10 3 J Kinetic energy of a regulation baseball thrown at the speed of sound (343 m/s = 767 mph = 1,235 km/h. Air, 20°C). [101] 9×10 3 J: Energy in an alkaline AA battery [102] 10 4 1.7×10 4 J: Energy released by the metabolism of 1 gram of carbohydrates [103] or protein [104] 3.8×10 4 J: Energy released by the metabolism of 1 gram of ...
If there is a strong thermally driven atmospheric escape of light atoms, heavier atoms can achieve the escape velocity through viscous drag by those escaping lighter atoms. [2] This is another way of thermal escape, called hydrodynamic escape. The heaviest species of atom that can be removed in this manner is called the cross-over mass. [3]
Multistage rockets are capable of attaining escape velocity from Earth and therefore can ... such as orbital speed at approximately 7,800 m/s (28,000 km/h; 17,000 mph).