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The German revolution of 1918–1919, also known as the November Revolution (German: Novemberrevolution), was an uprising started by workers and soldiers in the final days of World War I. It quickly and almost bloodlessly brought down the German Empire , then, in its more violent second stage, the supporters of a parliamentary republic were ...
After the Paris Peace Conference of 1919, the signing of the Treaty of Versailles on 28 June 1919, between Germany on the one side and France, Italy, Britain and other minor allied powers on the other, officially ended war between those countries. Other treaties ended the relationships of the United States and the other Central Powers.
The First World War: Germany and Austria-Hungary 1914–1918. A&C Black. ISBN 9781472508850. Gerhard Hirschfeld, Gerd Krumeich and Irina Renz (2018). 1918. Die Deutschen zwischen Weltkrieg und Revolution, Chr. Links Verlag, Berlin 2018, ISBN 978-3-86153-990-2. (in German) Kitchen, Martin. The German Offensive of 1918 (2001)
The Revolution of November was followed in December by an armistice and negotiations with Germany. At first, the Bolsheviks refused the German terms, but when German troops began marching across Ukraine unopposed, the new government acceded to the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk on 3 March 1918.
Lenin saw the success of the potential German revolution as being able to end the economic isolation of the newly formed Soviet Russia. [8] Despite ambitions for world revolution, supporters of Socialism in one country led by Joseph Stalin came to power in the soviet state, instituted bolshevization of the Comintern, and abolished it in 1943. [9]
Many of them believed that the United States, given its history (particularly the American Revolution) would be sympathetic towards the goals and aspirations they held. A common belief among anti-colonial nationalist leaders was the U.S., once it had assisted them in gaining independence from colonial rule or foreign influence, would establish ...
The stalemate by the end of 1914 forced serious consideration of long-term goals. Britain, France, Russia and Germany all separately concluded this was not a traditional war with limited goals. Britain, France and Russia became committed to the destruction of German military power, and Germany to the dominance of German military power in Europe.
The Other Battleground The Home Fronts: Britain, France and Germany 1914-1918 (1972) Germany on pp 89–108, 148-74, 223-42, 273-87. Winter, Jay, and Jean-Louis Robert, eds. Capital Cities at War: Paris, London, Berlin 1914–1919 (2 vol. 1999, 2007), 30 chapters 1200pp; comprehensive coverage by scholars vol 1 excerpt ; vol 2 excerpt and text ...