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During Simeon's reign, Bulgaria reached its cultural apogee, becoming the literary and spiritual centre of Slavic Europe. [ 2 ] [ 104 ] In this respect, Simeon continued his father Boris' policy of establishing and spreading Slavic culture and attracting noted scholars and writers within Bulgaria's borders.
1 According to, among others, Crampton, Delev, Dobrev and Lalkov. 2 Bulgaria ruled all land east of the Danube and west of the Dnieper according to Constantine VII's De Administrando Imperio (c. 950), but actual Bulgarian control was often partial, weak and/or inconsistent in many of the scarcely-populated areas north of the Danube.
Map of Bulgaria under the Cometopuli dynasty of Tsar Samuel (976–1018) [158] The lands to the west of the Iskar River remained free and the Bulgarians were able to regroup headed by the four Cometopuli brothers. [159] By 976, the youngest of them, Samuel, concentrated all power in his hands following the death of his elder siblings.
A map of Bulgaria during the rule of Simeon I. Following the victories in 917, the way to Constantinople lay open. However, Simeon had to deal with the Serbian prince Petar Gojniković, who had responded positively to the Byzantine proposal for an anti-Bulgarian coalition.
A map of Bulgaria during the rule of Simeon I. In an attempt to bring Serbia under their control, in 920 the Byzantines sent Zaharija Pribislavljević, another of Mutimir's grandsons, to challenge the rule of Pavle. Zaharija was either captured by the Bulgarians en route [21] or by Pavle, [23] who had him duly delivered to Simeon I. In either ...
A map of Bulgaria in the second half of the 9th century. During the reign of Boris I (r. 852–889) Bulgaria underwent major changes — the Christianization of the country and the admission of the disciples of Saints Cyril and Methodius, which marked the beginning of the creation and consolidation of the medieval Bulgarian literature and alphabet.
The Tsardom of Bulgaria is a continuation of the Bulgarian state founded in 681, actually the First Bulgarian Empire and the Tsardom of Bulgaria are one state.. It occurred in three distinct periods: between the 10th and 11th centuries, again between the 12th and 15th centuries, and again in the 20th century.
The History of Bulgaria (The Greenwood Histories of the Modern Nations) (2011) excerpt and text search; complete text Archived 2020-02-15 at the Wayback Machine; Crampton, R.J. Bulgaria (Oxford History of Modern Europe) (1990) excerpt and text search; also complete text online. Crampton, R.J. A Concise History of Bulgaria (2005) excerpt and ...