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Land cover is the physical material at the land surface of Earth. Land covers include flora , concrete , built structures, bare ground, and temporary water . Earth cover is the expression used by ecologist Frederick Edward Clements that has its closest modern equivalent being vegetation .
Land cover maps are tools that provide vital information about the Earth's land use and cover patterns. They aid policy development, urban planning, and forest and agricultural monitoring. [1] [2] The systematic mapping of land cover patterns, including change detection, often follows two main approaches: Field survey
The Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) Web Coverage Service (WCS) Interface Standard defines a web-based interface for the retrieval of coverages—that is, digital geospatial information representing space/time-varying phenomena.
A GIS analysis package for basic and advanced spatial analysis, an Image Processing system with extensive hard and soft classifiers including machine learning classifiers, integrated modelling environments including the Earth Trends Modeller for image time series of environmental trends and Land Change Modeller for land change analysis and ...
Change detection often involves comparing aerial photographs or satellite imagery of the area taken at different times. Change detection has been widely used to assess shifting cultivation, deforestation , urban growth, impact of natural disasters like tsunamis, earthquakes, and use/land cover changes etc. [ 1 ]
Land change modeling has a variety of implementation opportunities in many science and practice disciplines, such as in decision-making, policy, and in real-world application in public and private domains. Land change modeling is a key component of land change science, which uses LCMs to assess long-term outcomes for land cover and climate. The ...
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The USGS Gap Analysis Program maintains four primary data sets: land cover, protected areas, species and aquatic. The GAP Land Cover Data Set is the most complete map ever produced of vegetative associations for the US. Classified into 551 ecological systems, and 32 modified ecological systems (where human impacts have had an effect).