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Cyber crime, or computer crime, refers to any crime that involves a computer and a network. [1] The computer may have been used in the commission of a crime, or it may be the target. Netcrime refers, more precisely, to criminal exploitation of the Internet . [ 2 ]
In 2000, the tenth United Nations Congress on the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of Offenders classified cyber crimes into five categories: unauthorized access, damage to computer data or programs, sabotage to hinder the functioning of a computer system or network, unauthorized interception of data within a system or network, and ...
An example of a physical security measure: a metal lock on the back of a personal computer to prevent hardware tampering. Computer security (also cybersecurity, digital security, or information technology (IT) security) is the protection of computer software, systems and networks from threats that can lead to unauthorized information disclosure, theft or damage to hardware, software, or data ...
The majority of attacks can be prevented by ensuring all software is fully patched. Nevertheless, fully patched systems are still vulnerable to exploits using zero-day vulnerabilities . [ 25 ] The highest risk of attack occurs just after a vulnerability has been publicly disclosed or a patch is released, because attackers can create exploits ...
Cyber Security Enhancement Act (CSEA) was passed in 2002. Can-spam law issued in 2003 and subsequent implementation measures were made by FCC and FTC. [11] In 2005 the USA passed the Anti-Phishing Act which added two new crimes to the US Code. [12] In 2009, the Obama Administration released Cybersecurity Report and policy.
Proactive cyber defense, means acting in anticipation to oppose an attack through cyber and cognitive domains. [1] Proactive cyber defense can be understood as options between offensive and defensive measures. It includes interdicting, disrupting or deterring an attack or a threat's preparation to attack, either pre-emptively or in self-defence.
A cybersecurity regulation comprises directives that safeguard information technology and computer systems with the purpose of forcing companies and organizations to protect their systems and information from cyberattacks like viruses, worms, Trojan horses, phishing, denial of service (DOS) attacks, unauthorized access (stealing intellectual property or confidential information) and control ...
As reflected in the above table, there are several different delivery methods that can be taken to provide cyber security awareness. [4] Some of which include using posters, guides, tips [23] or even video and newsletters. [1] Some possible Cyber security awareness topics according to [24] [25] [26] include but are not limited to the following.