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Services constitute over 50% of GDP in low income countries and as their economies continue to develop, the importance of services in the economy continues to grow. [2] The service economy is also key to growth, for instance it accounted for 47% of economic growth in sub-Saharan Africa over the period 2000–2005 (industry contributed 37% and agriculture 16% in the same period). [2]
Transfer payments, like subsidies to the unemployed or the retired, are not included in this item since they are simply a movement of money from the government to citizens, rather than a purchase of goods or services. The sum of the four production categories is a gross domestic product, the value of all domestic expenditures on goods and services.
In an economy, production, consumption and exchange are carried out by three basic economic units: the firm, the household, and the government. Firms Firms make production decisions. These include what goods to produce, how these goods are to be produced and what prices to charge. They employ the various factors of production and they sell the ...
An economic system, or economic order, [1] is a system of production, resource allocation and distribution of goods and services within a society. It includes the combination of the various institutions , agencies, entities, decision-making processes, and patterns of consumption that comprise the economic structure of a given community.
Taken together, it is the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services which underpins all economic activity and trade. According to economic theory , consumption of goods and services is assumed to provide utility (satisfaction) to the consumer or end-user, although businesses also consume goods and services in the course of ...
The circular flow diagram illustrates the interdependence of the “flows,” or activities, that occur in the economy, such as the production of goods and services (or the “output” of the economy) and the income generated from that production. The circular flow also illustrates the equality between the income earned from production and the ...
Service industries are those not directly concerned with the production of physical goods (such as agriculture and manufacturing). Some service industries, including transportation , wholesale trade and retail trade are part of the supply chain delivering goods produced in the agricultural and manufacturing sectors to final consumers.
Fiscal policy is the use of government's revenue and expenditure as instruments to influence the economy. For example, if the economy is producing less than potential output , government spending can be used to employ idle resources and boost output, or taxes could be lowered to boost private consumption which has a similar effect.