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Case name Citation Summary Beginning of active duty of Chief Justice John Jay, October 19, 1789: Van Staphorst v. Maryland (1791) first docketed case of the Supreme Court, settled before arguments West v. Barnes: 2 U.S. 401 (1791) first decision of the Supreme Court, strictly interpreting procedural filing requirements mandated by statute ...
Federal court jurisdiction over common law crimes The Schooner Exchange v. M'Faddon: 11 U.S. 116 (1812) capture and possession of foreign ships Fairfax's Devisee v. Hunter's Lessee: 11 U.S. 603 (1813) Loyalist property forfeiture Martin v. Hunter's Lessee: 14 U.S. 304 (1816) Loyalist property forfeiture, Supreme Court review of state court ...
These lists are sorted chronologically by chief justice and include most major cases decided by the court. Jay, Rutledge, and Ellsworth Courts (October 19, 1789 – December 15, 1800) Marshall Court (February 4, 1801 – July 6, 1835)
The Marshall Court also made several decisions restraining the actions of state governments. The notion that the Supreme Court could consider appeals from state courts was established in Martin v. Hunter's Lessee (1816) and Cohens v. Virginia (1821). In several decisions, the Marshall Court confirmed the supremacy of federal laws over state laws.
In 1801, Adams appointed Marshall to the Supreme Court. Marshall quickly emerged as the key figure on the court, due in large part to his personal influence with the other justices. Under his leadership, the court moved away from seriatim opinions, instead issuing a single majority opinion that elucidated a clear rule. The 1803 case of Marbury v.
John Marshall and the Heroic Age of the Supreme Court. Louisiana State University Press. ISBN 978-0-8071-3249-4. James M. O'Fallon, The Case of Benjamin More: A Lost Episode in the Struggle over Repeal of the 1801 Judiciary Act, 11 Law & Hist. Rev. 43 (1993). Tushnet, Mark (2008). I dissent: Great Opposing Opinions in Landmark Supreme Court Cases.
Martin v. Hunter's Lessee, 14 U.S. (1 Wheat.) 304 (1816), was a landmark decision of the Supreme Court of the United States decided on March 20, 1816. It was the first case to assert ultimate Supreme Court authority over state courts in civil matters of federal law.
Fletcher v. Peck, 10 U.S. (6 Cranch) 87 (1810), was a landmark United States Supreme Court decision in which the Supreme Court first ruled a state law unconstitutional. The decision created a growing precedent for the sanctity of legal contracts and hinted that Native Americans did not hold complete title to their own lands (an idea fully realized in Johnson v.